Enhancing in vivo retinol bioavailability by incorporating β-carotene from alga Dunaliella salina into nanoemulsions containing natural-based emulsifiers

Emulsion-Based Delivery Systems to Enhance the Functionality of Bioactive Compounds: Towards the Use of Ingredients from Natural, Sustainable Sources

“…Nanoemulsions, which are emulsions containing nanometric-size oil droplets ranging from 50 to 500 nm, have been shown to present higher stability over time and higher digestibility than conventional emulsions due to the greater surface area exposed to intestinal enzymes [ 57 , 58 ]. These systems have been widely studied to increase the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs such as carotenoids [ 59 , 60 ] or vitamin D [ 61 ] because authors have found that after reducing the particle size of fat globules, the drug solubility and absorption of the encapsulated compounds was greater [ 62 ]. Moreover, nanoemulsions have been shown to have increased encapsulation stability during storage compared to conventional emulsions due to their more stable structure [ 63 ].…”

“…Plant-based emulsifiers such as soybean lecithin have been incorporated into nanoemulsions designed to increase the bioavailability of carotenoids from microalga Dunaliella Salina ( Table 3 ) [ 59 ]. In this study, nanoemulsions containing soybean lecithin increased the bioavailability of carotenoids compared to the control suspension, but better results were observed when whey proteins (by 2.8-fold) rather than soybean lecithin (by 2.15-fold) were used.…”

“… [ 142 ] 60 mg/kg BW O/W nanoemulsion rat 30% corn oil; 12% whey protein isolate; or soybean lecithin Nanoemulsions containing protein-based emulsifiers better increased the bioavailability of β-carotene than those containing soybean lecithin. [ 59 ] Carotenoids (from fresh spinach puree) 1.0, 0.6, 0.2, and 0 g/kg BW O/W nanoemulsion (excipient) rat 10% oil (medium-chain triglyceride and long-chain triglyceride 1:1); 1% sodium caseinate Carotenoid bioavailability was enhanced by increasing the lipid content due to the higher transfer efficiency of the carotenoids from spinach to fat droplets and mixed micelles. [ 11 ] Cholecalciferol (VD 3 ) 4000 IU kg −1 supplementation O/W emulsion or nanoemulsion mice 10% corn oil; 2% quillaja saponin Nano-based delivery system improved the bioavailability and homogeneity of VD absorption.…”

Strategies to Encapsulate Natural Extracts in Lipid-Based Nanocarriers

“…[13] β-carotene/Dunaliella salina Whey protein or soybean lecithin as emulsifiers -Increased β-carotene and retinol bioavailability in rats. [14] Fucoxanthin/Sargassum. angustifolium Ultrasonic treatment using fucoidan, gum Arabic, and sodium caseinate as natural emulsifiers vs. tween 80 -The best encapsulation efficacy was obtained from the tween 80-stabilized nanoemulsion, followed by sodium caseinate, fucoidan, and gum Arabic nanoemulsions.…”

“…Recent studies on nanoemulsion as an encapsulation technique highlight not only the increase in the efficiency of antioxidant stability [15] but also the capacity to minimize the unpleasant off-flavors associated with algae extracts and compounds [12]. In another study, a nanoemulsion increased β-carotene and retinol bioavailability in rats [14]. Finally, a nanoemulsion developed with coffee residues and commercially available algal oil was investigated as a protective agent against UVA-induced skin damage and showed efficiency by significantly inhibiting the B16-F10 melanoma cell line's growth (IC 50 value of 26.5 µg/mL).…”