“…On the one hand, many studies showed that students' attitude toward science and their science achievement correlated positively and moderately (Nolen, 2003 ; Mungin, 2012 ; Ng et al, 2012 ; Hacieminoglu, 2016 ; Chi et al, 2017 ; Wang and Liou, 2017 ; Zheng et al, 2019 ). For instance, based on the data from Program for International Student Assessment (Pisa et al, 2017 ), the study conducted by Chi et al ( 2017 ) pointed out that students' interest, enjoyment, and the perceptions of general value in science were positively correlated with scientific competencies. Similarly, in another study with 537,170 15-year-old students, Zheng et al ( 2019 ) stated that students' interest in science was positively associated with their science achievement.…”