“…Furthermore, the validation of the self-developed is also missing in most studies. Only four articles among nine examined articles specially mentioned the validation of the instruments with inferential statistics (e.g., Cowley, Sun, & Smith, 2017;Wu, Fengteng, & Lindsay, 2022;Wang & Jiang, 2021;Tong, Yin, & Tsung, 2022). The self-developed questionnaires, especially the ones without any validation procurers might lessen the rigorousness of the studies.…”