Enhancing Jump Performance After Combined vs. Maximal Power, Heavy-Resistance, and Plyometric Training Alone

Villarreal, Eduardo Sáez Sáez de; Izquierdo, Mikel; González-Badillo, Juan José

doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182163085

Cited by 64 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Several studies have shown some positive effects of strength training on improving vertical jump performance, although with contradictory results, and inconsistancies in the training prescription (e.g., heavy loads for all subjects; Gorostiaga et al, 1999; Harris et al, 2000; McBride et al, 2002; Cormie et al, 2010; de Villarreal et al, 2011; Losnegard et al, 2011; Rønnestad et al, 2012, 2016), while other studies considered also light loads (e.g., Wilson et al, 1993; McBride et al, 2002; Cormie et al, 2007; Zaras et al, 2013), or combined strength training (e.g., Wilson et al, 1993; Toji et al, 1997; Harris et al, 2000; McBride et al, 2002; Kotzamanidis et al, 2005; de Villarreal et al, 2011). Two common features of these studies were that the same training program was prescribed to all subjects and the great variability in performance response to training (Wilson et al, 1993; Gorostiaga et al, 1999; Harris et al, 2000; McBride et al, 2002; Kotzamanidis et al, 2005; Cormie et al, 2007, 2010; Chelly et al, 2009; de Villarreal et al, 2011; Losnegard et al, 2011; Rønnestad et al, 2012, 2016; Smilios et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two common features of these studies were that the same training program was prescribed to all subjects and the great variability in performance response to training (Wilson et al, 1993; Gorostiaga et al, 1999; Harris et al, 2000; McBride et al, 2002; Kotzamanidis et al, 2005; Cormie et al, 2007, 2010; Chelly et al, 2009; de Villarreal et al, 2011; Losnegard et al, 2011; Rønnestad et al, 2012, 2016; Smilios et al, 2013). In the present protocol, all the subjects tested were sub-divided into specific sub-groups and then assigned to a group-specific training program, which led to a more appropriate training program and more efficient and less variable results in terms of jump performance improvement compared to the aforementioned studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, in case of a low deficit (i.e., actual F-v profile close to the computed optimal profile), the training program should target a balanced combination of force, velocity, and power in order to shift the entire F-v relationship to the right, and so to increase P max as a priority (Wilson et al, 1993; Harris et al, 2000; McBride et al, 2002; Kotzamanidis et al, 2005; e.g., Cormie et al, 2007; de Villarreal et al, 2011) while maintaining the F-v profile close to the optimal value (and thus FV imb close to 0%). The effects of studies aiming to both increase maximal power and shift the entire F-v curve show how combining a wide range of loads (heavy, optimal, and ballistic loads) is an appropriate stimulus (Harris et al, 2000; McBride et al, 2002; Kotzamanidis et al, 2005; Cormie et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of an Individualized Training Based on Force-Velocity Profiling during Jumping

et al. 2017

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Ballistic performances are determined by both the maximal lower limb power output (Pmax) and their individual force-velocity (F-v) mechanical profile, especially the F-v imbalance (FVimb): difference between the athlete's actual and optimal profile. An optimized training should aim to increase Pmax and/or reduce FVimb. The aim of this study was to test whether an individualized training program based on the individual F-v profile would decrease subjects' individual FVimb and in turn improve vertical jump performance. FVimb was used as the reference to assign participants to different training intervention groups. Eighty four subjects were assigned to three groups: an “optimized” group divided into velocity-deficit, force-deficit, and well-balanced sub-groups based on subjects' FVimb, a “non-optimized” group for which the training program was not specifically based on FVimb and a control group. All subjects underwent a 9-week specific resistance training program. The programs were designed to reduce FVimb for the optimized groups (with specific programs for sub-groups based on individual FVimb values), while the non-optimized group followed a classical program exactly similar for all subjects. All subjects in the three optimized training sub-groups (velocity-deficit, force-deficit, and well-balanced) increased their jumping performance (12.7 ± 5.7% ES = 0.93 ± 0.09, 14.2 ± 7.3% ES = 1.00 ± 0.17, and 7.2 ± 4.5% ES = 0.70 ± 0.36, respectively) with jump height improvement for all subjects, whereas the results were much more variable and unclear in the non-optimized group. This greater change in jump height was associated with a markedly reduced FVimb for both force-deficit (57.9 ± 34.7% decrease in FVimb) and velocity-deficit (20.1 ± 4.3%) subjects, and unclear or small changes in Pmax (−0.40 ± 8.4% and +10.5 ± 5.2%, respectively). An individualized training program specifically based on FVimb (gap between the actual and optimal F-v profiles of each individual) was more efficient at improving jumping performance (i.e., unloaded squat jump height) than a traditional resistance training common to all subjects regardless of their FVimb. Although improving both FVimb and Pmax has to be considered to improve ballistic performance, the present results showed that reducing FVimb without even increasing Pmax lead to clearly beneficial jump performance changes. Thus, FVimb could be considered as a potentially useful variable for prescribing optimal resistance training to improve ballistic performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of an Individualized Training Based on Force-Velocity Profiling during Jumping

et al. 2017

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“…T he evaluation of vertical jumping is of great relevance in sporting performance as an indicator of fatigue conditions (8,9,17,18,20) and also it is well known that the height reached during a vertical jump is of great importance when determining the explosive strength of the lower limbs in numerous sporting disciplines (21,25,32). Furthermore, flight time is the most accurate and frequently used variable (6,10,16,28) in both studies on vertical jumping (4,6,16,22,27) and in the biomechanical analysis of athletic performance (4,8,15,19,22,27,30,31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Concurrent Validity and Reliability of a Low-Cost, High-Speed Camera-Based Method for Measuring the Flight Time of Vertical Jumps

Balsalobre-Fernández

Tejero-González²,

Campo-Vecino³

et al. 2014

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

166

110

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Flight time is the most accurate and frequently used variable when assessing the height of vertical jumps. The purpose of this study was to analyze the validity and reliability of an alternative method (i.e., the HSC-Kinovea method) for measuring the flight time and height of vertical jumping using a low-cost high-speed Casio Exilim FH-25 camera (HSC). To this end, 25 subjects performed a total of 125 vertical jumps on an infrared (IR) platform while simultaneously being recorded with a HSC at 240 fps. Subsequently, 2 observers with no experience in video analysis analyzed the 125 videos independently using the open-license Kinovea 0.8.15 software. The flight times obtained were then converted into vertical jump heights, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman plot, and Pearson correlation coefficient were calculated for those variables. The results showed a perfect correlation agreement (ICC = 1, p < 0.0001) between both observers' measurements of flight time and jump height and a highly reliable agreement (ICC = 0.997, p < 0.0001) between the observers' measurements of flight time and jump height using the HSC-Kinovea method and those obtained using the IR system, thus explaining 99.5% (p < 0.0001) of the differences (shared variance) obtained using the IR platform. As a result, besides requiring no previous experience in the use of this technology, the HSC-Kinovea method can be considered to provide similarly valid and reliable measurements of flight time and vertical jump height as more expensive equipment (i.e., IR). As such, coaches from many sports could use the HSC-Kinovea method to measure the flight time and height of their athlete's vertical jumps.

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“…Por un lado, sería razonable aconsejar a técnicos y deportistas que desarrollen programas de entrenamiento con cargas que tengan como objetivo la mejora de la fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores de los karatekas para aproximarlos a los niveles de los competidores de élite. Los programas de entrenamiento de fuerza con cargas se han utilizado satisfactoriamente en numerosas ocasiones para mejorar la fuerza explosiva de miembros inferiores de muy diversos tipos de deportistas (Balsalobre-Fernández et al, 2013;de Villarreal, Izquierdo, & Gonzalez-Badillo, 2011;González-Badillo, Gorostiaga, Arellano, & Izquierdo, 2005;Gorostiaga et al, 2004;Ignjatović, Stanković, Marković, & Milanović, 2011), y, sin embargo, sólo conocemos algunas pocas reseñas en la literatura científica que muestren la efectividad de dichos entrenamientos en la mejora del rendimiento de los karatekas (Voigt & Klausen, 1990). No obstante, hasta donde llega nuestro conocimiento, no existen estudios que traten esta cuestión con una muestra de élite y con tecnologías precisas para registrar los cambios en la producción de fuerza como pueden ser los transductores lineales de posición y velocidad (González-Badillo & Sánchez-Medina, 2010).…”

Section: Discusión Y Conclusionesunclassified

Diferencias en el salto vertical y la velocidad de patada mae-geri entre karatekas internacionales y nacionales

Balsalobre-Fernández

Martínez-Majolero²,

Villacieros-Rodríguez³

et al. 2013

Rev. artes marciales asiát.

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ResumenObjetivos: La fuerza explosiva de miembros inferiores y la velocidad de la patada mae-geri son fundamentales en el karate de competición, aunque no está claro hasta qué punto estas variables diferencian a los competidores de mayor nivel deportivo. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las diferencias en la velocidad de ejecución de la patada maegeri y el salto vertical con contramovimiento (CMJ) entre un grupo de karatekas de máximo nivel internacional y otro grupo de karatekas de nivel nacional. Método: Trece karatekas de nivel internacional y once karatekas de nivel nacional/amateur participaron en el estudio. Después de un calentamiento estándar, se midió la altura alcanzada (en cm) en el CMJ mediante una plataforma de infrarrojos y la velocidad de ejecución (en m/s) de la patada mae-geri mediante cámaras de alta velocidad y análisis por software biomecánico. Resultados: Procediendo mediante MANCOVA para analizar las diferencias entre los grupos controlando la variable edad, los resultados muestran que los karatekas internacionales tienen significativamente mayores niveles de CMJ que los nacionales (+22.1%, F=9,47; p=0,006; η 2 =0,311), no ocurriendo lo mismo con la velocidad de patada mae-geri (+5,7%, F=0.80; p=0.38; η 2 =0.03), que no mostró diferencias significativas entre grupos. Conclusión: Nuestros datos muestran, por un lado, la importancia que tiene la valoración del CMJ como una herramienta para detectar talentos en karate y, por otro lado, que para alcanzar un nivel deportivo internacional en karate puede ser importante incrementar los niveles de CMJ hasta valores similares a los aquí ofrecidos.Palabras clave: Artes marciales; deportes de combate; kata; fuerza explosiva; alto rendimiento. Differences in vertical jumping and mae geri kicking velocity between international and national level karateka AbstractAim: Lower limb explosive strength and mae-geri kicking velocity are fundamental in karate competition; although it is unclear whether these variables could differentiate the high-level athletes. The objective of this research is to analyze the differences in the mae-geri kicking velocity and the counter-movement jump (CMJ) between a group of international top level karateka and another group of national-level karateka. Methods: Thirteen international-level karateka and eleven national-level karateka participated in the study. After a standard warm-up, CMJ height Diferenças entre o salto vertical e a velocidade do pontapé maegeri entre karatecas internacionais e nacionais ResumoObjetivos: A força explosiva dos membros inferiores e a velocidade do mae-geri são fundamentais no karaté de competição, pese embora não seja claro até que ponto estas variáveis se diferenciam nos competidores de maior nível desportivo. O objetivo desta investigação é analisar as diferenças de velocidade de execução do pontapé mae-geri e o salto vertical com contra-movimento (CMJ) entre um grupo de karatecas de alto nível internacional e um outro grupo de karatecas de nível nacional. Método: Treze karatecas d...

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Enhancing Jump Performance After Combined vs. Maximal Power, Heavy-Resistance, and Plyometric Training Alone

Cited by 64 publications

References 10 publications

Effectiveness of an Individualized Training Based on Force-Velocity Profiling during Jumping

Effectiveness of an Individualized Training Based on Force-Velocity Profiling during Jumping

The Concurrent Validity and Reliability of a Low-Cost, High-Speed Camera-Based Method for Measuring the Flight Time of Vertical Jumps

Diferencias en el salto vertical y la velocidad de patada mae-geri entre karatekas internacionales y nacionales

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