Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Polymer 3D Printed Parts

Amza, Cătălin Gheorghe; Zapciu, Aurelian; Constantin, George; Baciu, Florin; Vasile, Mihai

doi:10.3390/polym13040562

Cited by 59 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is pointed out that some material parameters like absorbance are neglected but could be improved by annealing processes, for example, tempering [23]. Not only can the mechanical properties be improved but optical properties as well, thus reaching higher luminous efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the development and integration of 3D‐printed optics in small‐scale productions of single‐use cultivation vessels

Kuhnke

Rehfeld

Ude

et al. 2022

Engineering in Life Sciences

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Integrating optical sensors and 3D‐printed optics into single‐use (SU) cultivation vessels for customized, tailor‐made equipment could be a next big step in the bioreactor and screening platform development enabling online bioprocess monitoring. Many different parameters such as pH, oxygen, carbon dioxide and optical density (OD) can be monitored more easily using online measuring instruments compared to offline sampling. Space‐saving integrated sensors in combination with adapted optics such as prisms open up vastly new possibilities to precisely guide light through SU vessels. This study examines how optical prisms can be 3D‐printed with a 3D‐inkjet printer, modified and then evaluated in a custom made optical bench. The prisms are coated or bonded with thin cover glasses. For the examination of reflectance performance and conformity prisms are compared on the basis of measured characteristics of a conventional glass prism. In addition, the most efficient and reproducible prism geometry and modification technique is applied to a customized 3D‐printed cultivation vessel. The vessel is evaluated on a commercial sensor‐platform, a shake flask reader (SFR) vario, to investigate its sensing‐characteristics while monitoring scattered light with the turbidity standard formazine and a cell suspension of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as model organism. It is demonstrated that 3D‐printed prisms can be used in combination with commercial scattered light sensor‐platforms to determine OD of a microbial culture and that a 3D‐printed unibody design with integrated optics in a cultivation vessel is feasible. In the range of OD600 0–1.16 rel.AU a linear correlation between sensor amplitude and offline determined OD can be achieved. Thus, enabling for the first time a measurement of low cell densities with the SFR vario platform. Moreover, sensitivity is also at least three times higher compared to the commonly used method.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the development and integration of 3D‐printed optics in small‐scale productions of single‐use cultivation vessels

Kuhnke

Rehfeld

Ude

et al. 2022

Engineering in Life Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To avoid part deformations during thermal treatments, a recent study has packed complex-shaped parts in sodium chloride powder during the thermal remelting process [ 30 ]. An analysis of the treated parts reveals an improved internal structure that increases mechanical and changes optical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Powder Mould in the Post-Process Thermal Treatment of ABS Parts Manufactured with FDM Technology

et al. 2021

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The post-process thermal treatment of thermoplastics improves their mechanical properties, but causes deformations in parts, making them unusable. This work proposes a powder mould to prevent dimensional part deformation and studies the influence of line building direction in part deformations in a post-process thermal treatment of 3D printed polymers. Two sets of ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) test samples manufactured by fused deposition modelling (FDM) in six different raster directions have been treated and evaluated. One set has been packed with a ceramic powder mould during thermal treatment to evaluate deformations and mould effectiveness. Thermogravimetric tests have been carried out on ABS samples, concluding that the thermal treatment of the samples does not cause degradations in the polymeric material. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to study internal building geometry and mould influence on part deformation after the thermal treatment. It can be concluded that powder mould considerably reduces dimensional deformations during the thermal treatment process, with length being the most affected dimension for deformation. Attending to the length, mould effectiveness is greater than 80% in comparison to non-usage of moulding, reaching 90% when the building lines are in the same direction as the main part.

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“…However, thermal post-processing could affect the dimensional tolerances of FDMprinted parts and even lead to unacceptable deformations that could affect the usability of the part [31]. In order to avoid deformations during the thermal post-process, some studies have packed FDM parts in salt powder [32,33] or ceramic alumina powder [34]. Powder mould has been used in annealing and remelting post-process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Thermal Annealing Temperatures on Powder Mould Effectiveness to Avoid Deformations in ABS and PLA 3D-Printed Parts

et al. 2022

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Fused deposition modelling (FDM)-printed parts can be treated with various post-processes to improve their mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy and surface finish. Samples of polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) parts are treated with annealing to study a ceramic powder mould’s effectiveness in order to avoid dimensional part deformation. The variables chosen are annealing temperatures and the usage of a ceramic powder mould to avoid part deformations. A flexural strength test was carried out to evaluate the mould’s influence on the mechanical properties of the part. The effectiveness of the mould has been evaluated mainly attending to the length of the part, because this is the dimension most affected by deformation. A polynomial approximation to a deformation’s length and the effectiveness of the mould allows for their prediction. Results obtained show that effectiveness increases with the annealing temperature. Nevertheless, mould effectiveness decreases when parts are fabricated with PLA, because it is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic, and it suffers a lower shrinkage during thermal post-process than amorphous polymers such as ABS. Attending to the flexural strength test, mould has no significant influence on the mechanical properties of the treated parts in both materials studied.

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Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Polymer 3D Printed Parts

Cited by 59 publications

References 36 publications

Study on the development and integration of 3D‐printed optics in small‐scale productions of single‐use cultivation vessels

Study on the development and integration of 3D‐printed optics in small‐scale productions of single‐use cultivation vessels

Effect of a Powder Mould in the Post-Process Thermal Treatment of ABS Parts Manufactured with FDM Technology

Influence of Thermal Annealing Temperatures on Powder Mould Effectiveness to Avoid Deformations in ABS and PLA 3D-Printed Parts

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