Enhancing packaging board properties using micro- and nanofibers prepared from recycled board

Abstract

In this study, cellulose microfibers and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) prepared from recycled boxboard pulp using a mechanical fine friction grinder were used as reinforcements in a board sheet. Micro- and nanofibers manufactured by mechanical grinding have typically broad particle size distribution, and they can contain both micro- and nano-sized fibrils. Deep eutectic solvent of choline chloride and urea was used as a non-hydrolytic pretreatment medium for the CNF, and reference CNF were used without any chemical pretreatment. The CNF were ground using three grinding levels (grinding time) and their dosage in the board varied from 2 to 6 wt%. The results indicate that the board properties could be tailored to obtain a balance between the processability and quality of the products by adjusting the amount of CNF that was added (2–6 wt%). A preliminary cost assessment indicated that the most economical way to enhance the board strength properties was to add around 4% of CNF with a moderate grinding level (i.e., grinding energy of 3–4 kWh/kg). Overall, the strength properties of the manufactured board sheets improved by several dozen percentages when CNF was used as the reinforcement.

Redesigning the appearance of recycled containers for packaging applications: The effect of paper waste physicochemical properties on the performance of paperboards with obvious recycled content

“…The addition of 5 wt% CMFs increased the performance of the MOW‐ and OMG‐containing paperboards. These results are consistent with previously published studies that assigned this enhancement effect to the high surface area and aspect ratio of the CMFs, increasing the potential for hydrogen bonding in the paper web 47–51 . The CMFs can fill pores created by the waste materials within the inter‐fibre network, which in turn increases the density of the paperboard structure, as shown in Table S1.…”

“…These results are consistent with previously published studies that assigned this enhancement effect to the high surface area and aspect ratio of the CMFs, increasing the potential for hydrogen bonding in the paper web. [47][48][49][50][51] F I G U R E 7 Mechanical performance of OCC paperboard with 40 wt% waste of similar apparent size ($0. paperboards to an extent that some of the reported properties were superior to the control samples.…”

On the Mechanism of the Ionizing Radiation-Induced Degradation and Recycling of Cellulose

“…The utilization of cellulose fibers in commercial applications continues to grow [113]. Cellulose fibers and their polymer composites offer considerable toughness, flexibility, ease of processing, recyclability, and biodegradability [114,115].…”

Biopolymeric Nanocarriers for Nutrient Delivery and Crop Biofortification

“…The tool of heterogeneous amphiphilic interactions between materials of biological and synthetic origin will be implemented for deriving a selfassembled cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite filled with Zn-EDTA or Zn-lignosulfonate with an extension to cellulose nanofiber (CNF) with ethylene diamine (ED) in the presence of Zn 2+ salt (Scheme 1). 91,92 7.2. Polymer−Nanocellulose−Nanoclay.…”