Enhancing Partner Nation Security: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of A Peacekeeping Public Health Capacity Building Initiative

Abstract

Introduction One way the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) works to achieve national security is through security cooperation, by way of building and enhancing partner nation capacity. This study evaluated a health-related security cooperation training initiative delivered by the DoD to military peacekeepers. The study specifically examined outcomes of change, including the beginning phase of sustainability. Materials and Methods The U.S. DoD employed a train-the-trainer model in Ghana, Rwanda, Senegal, and Uganda to support the African Peacekeeping Rapid Response Partnership program. U.S. instructors trained 192 peacekeepers through 11 training iterations between December 2016 and March 2020. A mixed-method explanatory sequential design was used to explore training outcomes. Quantitatively, three hypotheses were tested using nonparametric statistical analysis. Qualitative analysis of documents was used to inform and contextually understand the quantitative results. This study was submitted to the George Washington University Institutional Review Board and was fully approved (NCR202918). Results Quantitative and qualitative results indicated improved short-term public health knowledge and upskill among partner nation participants. There was the beginning of a cascade effect of the partner nations’ ability to autonomously teach tasks and skills to their military to sustain the initiative. Differences in achieving and maintaining change outcomes were related to student characteristics, the training course, and the partner nation. Conclusions This research serves as the first published study to empirically examine health-related security cooperation train-the-trainer initiative change outcomes. This research is an essential building block to empirically evaluate and capture change outcomes from security cooperation capacity building training initiatives. The findings and recommendations inform security cooperation policy and associated investments.

Achieving and Sustaining Change Through Capacity Building Train-the-Trainer Health Initiatives in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

“…17 These considerations were echoed in a recent mixed-methods study examining barriers to sustained change through a capacity building T3 health initiative among peacekeepers from four sub-Saharan African countries. 50 Logistical support and the inability to attain resources were significant culprits for hindering change. Although T3 is a cost-effective approach, without the necessary material, personnel, and finances, the initiative cannot occur.…”

Expanding Global Health Engagement through Multilateral Security Organizations

“…Examples include supporting a Secretary of Defense initiative with the United Arab Emirates to enhance trauma, burn and rehabilitative medicine capacity for their civilian and military populations, and the development of a field hospital capability as part of the African Peacekeeping Rapid Response Partnership in four nations. 8,9 The latter were used by Ghana, Senegal, and Uganda during their national COVID-19 response. 10 Many countries around the world employ defense capabilities in support of global health and foreign policy efforts.…”