“…Automated activity identification of construction equipment enables real-time applications including, but not limited to, real-time productivity monitoring (Ahn et al, 2015;Louis and Dunston, 2016b;Kim H. et al, 2018), real-time safety analysis (Carbonari et al, 2011;Cheng and Teizer, 2013;Rashid et al, 2017;Rashid and Behzadan, 2018), real-time routing of resources (Louis and Dunston, 2016a), and realtime AR/VR visualization (Ku et al, 2011;Dong and Kamat, 2013;Park et al, 2014;You et al, 2018). Offline applications enabled by automated activity identification include preparing dynamic simulation input (Akhavian and Behzadan, 2013;Vahdatikhaki and Hammad, 2014), automated cycle time analysis (Vahdatikhaki and Hammad, 2014;Mathur et al, 2015;Kim H. et al, 2018), operation analysis (Vahdatikhaki and Hammad, 2014;, and fuel use analysis (Lewis et al, 2011) etc.…”