Enhancing prognostic insights: myometrial invasion patterns in endometrial carcinoma, with emphasis on MELF pattern–a comprehensive review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Purpose The microcystic, elongated, and fragmented (MELF) pattern, characterized by myxoid and inflamed stroma, is readily identifiable as a form of myometrial infiltration. This meta-analysis endeavors to assess the prognostic significance of MELF infiltration patterns in patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer. Methods A comprehensive literature search, spanning until 11 October 2023, across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases, identified 23 relevant studies involving 5199 patients. Data analysis was performed using Stata 16.0. Results Analysis indicates that MELF infiltration predicts a higher risk of lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer patients [hazard ratios (HR) = 5.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.62–7.05; P < 0.05]. Notably, this association remains consistent across various patient demographics, analytical approaches, study designs, and treatment modalities. However, MELF infiltration does not significantly correlate with recurrence (HR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.73–1.52; P > 0.05), overall survival (HR = 1.24; 95% CI, 0.91–1.68; P > 0.05), or disease-free survival (HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 0.85–2.28; P > 0.05). Conclusion While MELF infiltration heightens the risk of lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer, its impact on recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival remains statistically insignificant.