Enhancing regenerative approaches with nanoparticles

Abstract

In this review, we discuss recent developments in the field of nanoparticles and their use in tissue regeneration approaches. Owing to their unique chemical properties and flexibility in design, nanoparticles can be used as drug delivery systems, to create novel features within materials or as bioimaging agents, or indeed these properties can be combined to create smart multifunctional structures. This review aims to provide an overview of this research field where the focus will be on nanoparticle-based strategies to stimulate bone regeneration; however, the same principles can be applied for other tissue and organ regeneration strategies. In the first section, nanoparticlebased methods for the delivery of drugs, growth factors and genetic material to promote tissue regeneration are discussed. The second section deals with the addition of nanoparticles to materials to create nanocomposites. Such materials can improve several material properties, including mechanical stability, biocompatibility and biological activity. The third section will deal with the emergence of a relatively new field of research using nanoparticles in advanced cell imaging and stem cell tracking approaches. As the development of nanoparticles continues, incorporation of this technology in the field of regenerative medicine will ultimately lead to new tools that can diagnose, track and stimulate the growth of new tissues and organs.

Nanobiocomposite based on natural polyelectrolytes for bone regeneration

“…Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary approach that has revolutionized regenerative medicine over the years. This research area has been enriched by the increasing progress of nanotechnology allowing the development of new methodologies to obtain different nanostructures, the understanding of their properties and the interactions between the nanomaterials and other types of constituents (Solanki, Kim, & Lee, ; Van Rijt & Habibovic, ; Wei, Li, & Le, ).…”

Reduction of T2 Relaxation Rates due to Large Volume Fractions of Magnetic Nanoparticles for All Motional Regimes

“…Understanding not only the individual evolution of these parameters with scale, magnetic field, temperature, but also their interaction, mutual and with the surrounding environment, is of paramount importance to the design and application of intelligent and multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles (MNP). In biomedicine, MNPs and in particular superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIO) have a wide range of applications such as magnetic particle imaging (MPI) [6], drug delivery [7], magnetic hyperthermia (MH) [8][9][10], MRI [11], cell tracking [12,13], magnetic biosensors [14,15], regenerative medicine and tissue engineering [16,17], etc. When used as MRI contrast agents (CA) SPIOs can reduce both T 1 and T 2 relaxation times and hence enhance tissue contrast [18][19][20][21].…”

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a new source of bone in reconstructive surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies

“…However, this mechanism is not satisfactory when the size is greater than the well-known intrinsic healing capacity of bone tissues. Large bone defects caused by injury, disease, tumour ablation, or congenital malformations possess a tremendous challenge for orthopaedic or maxillofacial surgeons because the injury impairs blood supply and results in ischaemia, osteonecrosis, bone loss, or ultimately non-union (Dimitriou, Jones, McGonagle, & Giannoudis, 2011;Jeon et al, 2016;Lu et al, 2016;Lu, Chang, Lin, Li, & Hu, 2013;van Rijt & Habibovic, 2017 (Khaled, Saleh, Hindocha, Griffin, & Khan, 2011;Kimelman Bleich et al, 2012). However, it seems that using gene therapy for bone regeneration (Fliefel, Kuhnisch, Ehrenfeld, & Otto, 2017) is in the adulthood phase compared with iPSCs, which is still in the childhood phase as concluded from our systematic review.…”