Enhancing Salt Tolerance of Plants: From Metabolic Reprogramming to Exogenous Chemical Treatments and Molecular Approaches

Patel, Manish Kumar; Kumar, Manish; Li, Weiqiang; Luo, Yin; Burritt, David J.; Alkan, Noam; Tran, Lam‐Son Phan

doi:10.3390/cells9112492

Cited by 92 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 169 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…Increased proline accumulation is one of the defense mechanisms that plants have developed to counteract the harmful effects of adverse environmental condition stresses such as drought, salinity, and hypoxia [ 9 , 11 , 62 , 63 ]. Under Cd stress, however, the changes in proline concentration are often contradictory, especially in the leaves [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proline Concentration and Its Metabolism Are Regulated in a Leaf Age Dependent Manner But Not by Abscisic Acid in Pea Plants Exposed to Cadmium Stress

Zdunek‐Zastocka

Grabowska

Michniewska

et al. 2021

Cells

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The accumulation of proline is one of the defense mechanisms of plants against the harmful effects of adverse environmental conditions; however, when pea plants were treated for 12 h with CdCl2, the proline concentration decreased in the youngest A (not expanded) and B1 (expanded) leaves, and did not change significantly in the B2 (mature, expanded) or C (the oldest) leaves. After 24 h of cadmium (Cd) stress, the proline concentration remained low in A and B1 leaves, while in B2 and C leaves, it increased, and after 48 h, an increase in the proline concentration in the leaves at each stage of development was observed. The role of proline in the different phases of plant response to the Cd treatment is discussed. Changes in proline accumulation corresponded closely with changes in the transcript levels of PsP5CS2, a gene encoding D1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase involved in proline synthesis, and PsPDH1, a gene encoding proline dehydrogenase engaged in proline degradation. CdCl2 application induced the expression of PsProT1 and PsProT2, genes encoding proline transporters, especially during the first 12 h of treatment in A and B1 leaves. When the time courses of abscisic acid (ABA) and proline accumulation were compared, it was concluded that an increase in the proline concentration in the leaves of Cd-treated pea plants was more related to a decrease in chlorophyll concentration (leaves B2 and C) and an increase in the malondialdehyde level (A and B1 leaves) than with an increase in ABA concentration alone. Exogenous application of ABA (0.5, 5, 50 µM) significantly increased the proline concentration in the A leaves of pea plants only, and was accompanied by an elevated and repressed expression of PsP5CS2 and PsPDH1 in these leaves, respectively. The presented results suggest that under Cd stress, the accumulation of proline in leaves of pea plants may take place independently of the ABA signaling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proline Concentration and Its Metabolism Are Regulated in a Leaf Age Dependent Manner But Not by Abscisic Acid in Pea Plants Exposed to Cadmium Stress

Zdunek‐Zastocka

Grabowska

Michniewska

et al. 2021

Cells

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“…Phenolics and avonoids are two well-known secondary metabolites that play a pivotal role in scavenging free radicals and preventing lipid peroxidation, thus maintaining membrane uidity and shielding cell membrane damage from oxidative damage under different abiotic stresses, including waterlogging (Ahmad et al, 2010;Elkelish et al, 2020;Patel et al, 2020). These results implied that either CK or GA 3 -induced alleviation of ROS burden was most likely due to the heightened level of nonenzymatic antioxidants (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Insights into the role of cytokinin and gibberellic acid in improving waterlogging tolerance of mung bean

Islam

Akter

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Mung bean (Vigna radiata) is one of the most important pulse crops, well-known for its protein rich seeds, which growth and productivity are severely undermined by waterlogging. In this study, we aim to evaluate how two promising phytohormones, namely cytokinin (CK) and gibberellic acid (GA3), can improve waterlogging tolerance in mung bean by investigating key morphological, physiological, biochemical and yield-related attributes. Our results showed that foliar application of CK and GA3 under 5-days of waterlogged conditions improved mung bean growth and biomass, which was associated to increased levels of photosynthetic rate and pigments. Waterlogged-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and the consequent elevated levels of malondialdehyde, were considerably reduced by CK and GA3 treatments. Mung bean plants sprayed with either CK or GA3 suffered less oxidative stress due to the enhancement of total phenolics and flavonoids levels. Improvement in the contents of proline and total soluble sugars indicating a better osmotic adjustment following CK and GA3 treatments in waterlogged-exposed plants. Most fundamentally, CK or GA3-sprayed waterlogged-stressed mung bean plants demonstrated an increased tendency of the above-mentioned parameters after the 15-day recovery period as compared to water-sprayed waterlogged-exposed plants. Our results also revealed that CK and GA3 treatments increased yield-associated features in waterlogged-stressed plant. Importantly, both phytohormones are efficient in improving mung bean resistance to waterlogging; however, CK was found to be more effective. Overall, our findings suggested that CK or GA3 could be used for the management of waterlogging-induced damage in mung bean, and perhaps in other cash crops.

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“…Glutamate can be converted into proline through pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) [ 11 ]. Proline plays important roles in stress tolerance, e.g., drought and salt stress tolerance, by regulating osmotic balance, activating the ROS scavenging system, protecting membrane integrity and photosynthesis [ 11 , 59 ]. We hypothesized that overexpression of AaPEPC1 could enhance proline biosynthesis, and consequently increase the drought and salt stress tolerance in the transgenic plants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of an Agave Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Improves Plant Growth and Stress Tolerance

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Cells

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It has been challenging to simultaneously improve photosynthesis and stress tolerance in plants. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a CO2-concentrating mechanism that facilitates plant adaptation to water-limited environments. We hypothesized that the ectopic expression of a CAM-specific phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), an enzyme that catalyzes primary CO2 fixation in CAM plants, would enhance both photosynthesis and abiotic stress tolerance. To test this hypothesis, we engineered a CAM-specific PEPC gene (named AaPEPC1) from Agave americana into tobacco. In comparison with wild-type and empty vector controls, transgenic tobacco plants constitutively expressing AaPEPC1 showed a higher photosynthetic rate and biomass production under normal conditions, along with significant carbon metabolism changes in malate accumulation, the carbon isotope ratio δ13C, and the expression of multiple orthologs of CAM-related genes. Furthermore, AaPEPC1 overexpression enhanced proline biosynthesis, and improved salt and drought tolerance in the transgenic plants. Under salt and drought stress conditions, the dry weight of transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing AaPEPC1 was increased by up to 81.8% and 37.2%, respectively, in comparison with wild-type plants. Our findings open a new door to the simultaneous improvement of photosynthesis and stress tolerance in plants.

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Enhancing Salt Tolerance of Plants: From Metabolic Reprogramming to Exogenous Chemical Treatments and Molecular Approaches

Cited by 92 publications

References 169 publications

Proline Concentration and Its Metabolism Are Regulated in a Leaf Age Dependent Manner But Not by Abscisic Acid in Pea Plants Exposed to Cadmium Stress

Proline Concentration and Its Metabolism Are Regulated in a Leaf Age Dependent Manner But Not by Abscisic Acid in Pea Plants Exposed to Cadmium Stress

Insights into the role of cytokinin and gibberellic acid in improving waterlogging tolerance of mung bean

Overexpression of an Agave Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Improves Plant Growth and Stress Tolerance

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