Enhancing satisfaction and sustainable management: Whale watching in the Azores

Bentz, Julia; Lopes, F. C. F.; Calado, Helena; Dearden, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.11.016

Cited by 55 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…However, to the best of our knowledge, only a few English language articles have applied IPA to researching MWT experiences (Patroni, 2018; Three studies on cetacean and Whale Shark tourism that utilised the IPA technique were able to identify key areas where management needed to be improved. Ziegler et al (2012) used IPA to identify that crowding on a boat tour was a major issue, while Bentz et al (2016) determined management needed to focus on providing more educational information, helping to resolve misleading advertising and reducing both crowding and the cost of tours. The study of Bentz et al (2016) led to the realisation that uncontrolled growth of the Whale Shark tourism industry was a significant issue that required attention and action from the authorities and operators to ensure visitor satisfaction and sustainability of the experience.…”

Section: Ipa In Mwt Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Johnson and Lavigne, 1999;Semeniuk et al, 2009;Bentz et al, 2016;Senigaglia et al, 2016;Patroni et al, 2019;Simpson et al, 2019;Walker et al, 2019). Moreover, heavy tourism visitation (Plates 1 and 2), now frequently termed over-tourism, has placed additional pressures on nature-based tourism attractions, posing a risk to sustainability (Bentz et al, 2016;Leung et al, 2018;Capocchi et al, 2019). This has increased pressure on managers and the ecotourism industry to respond, and there are now strongly researched guidelines in regards to tourism and visitor management in regard to wildlife tourism situations (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance-performance analysis to inform visitor management at marine wildlife tourism destinations

Simpson

Patroni

Teo

et al. 2019

JTF

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to postulate that the technique of Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) is currently underutilised in visitor management studies reported in the peer-reviewed marine wildlife tourism (MWT) research literature. Further, this paper provides insight into how IPA could inform future research and management of tourism experiences at marine wildlife destinations. Design/methodology/approach This paper synthesises learning gained from the natural area tourism and recreation literature that report the application of IPA in MWT and insights from a recent study at the Dolphin Discovery Centre in Bunbury, Western Australia. Findings Although currently underutilized in MWT research, IPA is a relatively straightforward, easy to interpret, and, if correctly applied, a powerful tool that managers and researchers can employ to investigate and enhance visitor satisfaction in the short-term and for longer-term sustainability of the industry through visitor-informed tourism management. Originality/value Having identified the opportunity to enhance visitor experiences, site management and target species welfare through increased IPA research, this review provides a plain language introduction to the application of IPA and direct access to comprehensible academic discourses and exemplars for the technique. Moreover, in light of increasing tourism demand, IPA can assist in determining management options for the future.

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Section: Ipa In Mwt Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance-performance analysis to inform visitor management at marine wildlife tourism destinations

Simpson

Patroni

Teo

et al. 2019

JTF

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Boley et al (2017) point to IPA as one of the most ubiquitous methodological tools used in tourism research, given its ease of understanding (Martilla and James 1977), simplicity and ability to visualize gaps between perceptions of those involved regarding the importance of an attribute and performance of companies in the destination. In the field of nautical tourism, Ziegler et al (2012) apply IPA to study tourist satisfaction during shark whale -watching on Holbox Island, from a set of specific attributes for this activity, as well as Bentz et al (2016a) in whale watching activities in the Azores.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Crowding and Satisfaction In Whale Watching Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attributes that have a close relationship with tourist satisfaction in cetaceans sighting have been studied previously such as: quantity and behavior of the observed individuals, number of passengers, duration of the trip, characteristics of the boat and dizziness due to sea movement (Orams 2000); minimum impact on marine fauna, learning and contemplation of marine fauna (Shapiro 2006); educational-interpretive component (Lück 2003;Shapiro 2006;Kessler et al 2014;Sitar et al 2017); observation time, swim time, number of people in the water, space available on the boat, sea conditions during the tour, rules to follow and information provided (Filby et al 2015); tour price and friendly environment (Bentz et al 2016a). In addition, Orams (2000), Kessler et al (2014) and García & Pacheco (2017) suggest that satisfaction is not related to the proximity of whales; instead they refer a relationship with the visitor's own safety in terms of keeping a safe distance to whales.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Crowding and Satisfaction In Whale Watching Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of crowding and tourist satisfaction in the practice of humpback whale - watching, the case of Puerto López - Ecuador

Matovelle¹,

Molina²

2019

cuadernosgestion

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The effect of crowding on tourist satisfaction is a widely studied aspect. Its knowledge is valuable not only to guide ordering of tourism activity but also to ensure a satisfactory experience that contributes to its economic sustainability. However, studies of this type are scarce in the context of whale watching tourism. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate tourist satisfaction and crowding in the practice of humpback whale-watching in Puerto López-Ecuador. At the methodological level, a survey was applied to 340 tourists who observed whales in the June-September 2017 season. Data analysis was based on descriptive record, the structuring of an importanceperformance analysis matrix, principal components analysis and binary logistic regression model. Unlike others, this research incorporated the calculation of a perceived crowding threshold and the analysis of the relationship between perceived crowding of boats and people on board. Among main results, the study finds that crowding influences tourist satisfaction when four or more boats coincide at a sighting site. In that sense, the activity in Puerto López is satisfactory in the face of a reported crowding scenario of 3.7 boats and 16.3 people per boat, on average. The limitations of this study are its exploratory nature because it is based on a non-probabilistic sampling and the questionnaire application exclusively in standard capacity boats, without considering those of 35 passengers.

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“…A renda gerada e o interesse da comunidade local e de fora na atividade do turismo pode prejudicar a indústria da caça de baleia (HOYT; HVENEGAARD, 2002). Bentz et al (2016a), pesquisando o ponto de vista dos turistas de observação de baleias nos Açores, perceberam que os fatores mais influentes para a satisfação dos turistas foram a concretização da observação de baleia, a quantidade de animais encontrados, o custo da viagem e o tipo de barco.…”

Section: Os Benefícios Do Turismo De Observação De Mamíferos Aquáticosunclassified

Turismo de observação de mamíferos aquáticos: benefícios, impactos e estratégias

Júnior

2017

RBEcotur

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Entendemos que o turismo de observação de mamíferos aquáticos no Brasil pode ser tratado nos moldes do significado internacional de "Whale Watching", incluindo a observação de peixes-boi. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o conhecimento atualizado sobre turismo de observação de mamíferos aquáticos com discussão sobre benefícios, impactos e estratégias de conservação desta atividade, especialmente no Brasil. A metodologia deste trabalho compreendeu amplo levantamento bibliográfico, discussão em eventos científicos, pesquisa científica e realização de visita técnica em 51 localidades de turismo de observação de mamíferos aquáticos. Apesar de existirem muitos textos sobre o ecoturismo como instrumento de conservação, ainda não existe uma conclusão única. Os benefícios podem ser psicológicos, econômicos, ambientais, fisiológicos, sociais e educacionais. Os impactos mais observados são: alterações comportamentais em resposta ao tráfego de barcos; inibição de comportamentos biologicamente importantes, como alimentação, repouso e reprodução; indução a deslocamentos desnecessários, que não ocorreria naturalmente; diminuição das oportunidades de alimentação; aumento das possibilidade de predação; diminuição do cuidado parental; lesão e mortalidade por atropelamento. Um agravante do impacto do turismo de observação de mamíferos aquáticos é que estes animais atualmente estão expostos a vários outros estressores, como mudanças climáticas, agentes patogênicos, interação com pesca, tráfego de embarcações, indústria de óleo e gás, poluição química e sonora. As estratégias para minimizar o impacto da interação humana com mamíferos aquáticos incluem a limitação do número de barcos e a frequência e duração das interações de barco, fechamento de áreas e programas de educação para visitantes e prestadores de serviço. O turismo de observação de mamíferos aquáticos no Brasil começou na Amazônia, nos anos 80, e também cresceu rapidamente. Mesmo que grande parte das interações turísticas com mamíferos aquáticos no Brasil envolva espécies ameaçadas de extinção, manifestações de perturbações e alterações comportamentais, bem como acidentes de atropelamento têm sido relatados por diversos autores brasileiros. Atualmente, a legislação de proteção a mamíferos aquáticos consiste de vários instrumentos que não atendem à preservação dos mamíferos aquáticos, principalmente em função do crescimento e diversificação do turismo de observação de mamíferos aquáticos e da falta de detalhamento do que é “molestamento intencional”. A estratégia urgente do Brasil para que o turismo de observação de mamíferos aquáticos tenha o máximo de benefícios possível e o mínimo de impacto é a edição de uma Instrução Normativa atualizada para coibir o molestamento de mamíferos aquáticos no Brasil. Whale Watching: benefits, impacts and strategies ABSTRACT We understand that the tourism of observation of aquatic mammals in Brazil can be treated of "Whale Watching", includes the observation of manatees. The objective of this work is to present the updated knowledge about aquatic mammal observation tourism with a discussion about benefits, impacts and conservation strategies of this activity, especially in Brazil. The methodology of this work included a wide bibliographical survey, discussion in scientific events, scientific research and technical visits in 51 aquatic mammal observation sites. Although there are many texts on ecotourism as a conservation tool, there is still no single decision. The benefits can be psychological, economic, environmental, physiological, social and educational. The most observed impacts are: behavioral control in response to boat traffic; Inhibition of biologically important behaviors, such as feeding, rest and reproduction; Induction to unnecessary displacements, which do not occur naturally; Decreased feeding opportunities; Increased possibilities of predation; Decreased parenting; Injury and fatalities due to running over. An aggravating impact of aquatic mammal tourism is that these animals are exposed to various other stressors such as climate change, pathogens, interaction with fishing, vessel navigation, oil and gas industry, chemical and noise pollution. Measures to minimize the impact of human interaction with aquatic mammals include a limitation on the number of vessels and a frequency and timing for boat interactions, closure of areas and education programs for visitors and service providers. The tourism of observation of aquatic mammals in Brazil began in the Amazon in the 80s, and grew rapidly. Even though most of the tourism interactions with non-Brazilian aquatic mammals involve endangered species, manifestations of disturbance and behavioral change, as well as run-off acids and have been reported by several Brazilian authors. Currently, legislation to protect aquatic mammals consists of several instruments that do not address the preservation of aquatic mammals, mainly due to the growth and diversification of aquatic mammal observation tourism and the lack of detail of what is "intentional harassment". A strategy for aquatic mammal observation tourism with maximum benefits may be a minimum impact for an edition of an Normative Instruction for the development of aquatic mammals in Brazil. KEYWORDS: Ecotourism; Benefits; Impacts; Whale; Dolphin; Manatee.

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Enhancing satisfaction and sustainable management: Whale watching in the Azores

Cited by 55 publications

References 60 publications

Importance-performance analysis to inform visitor management at marine wildlife tourism destinations

Importance-performance analysis to inform visitor management at marine wildlife tourism destinations

Evaluation of crowding and tourist satisfaction in the practice of humpback whale - watching, the case of Puerto López - Ecuador

Turismo de observação de mamíferos aquáticos: benefícios, impactos e estratégias

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