Enhancing Scalability of Fast Electric Vehicle Charging Stations: Solutions for AC–DC Side Integration and Regulation

Abstract

This paper introduces a set of innovative solutions designed to enhance the scalability of AC-DC side operations in fast electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. The proposed solutions focus on streamlining and regulating the connection process for integrating a new active front end rectifier (AFR) with existing AFRs at the high voltage DC link (HVDC) side, without requiring detailed knowledge of their specifications, such as control algorithms, switching frequencies, topologies, and modulation techniques. Neglecting these specifications can result in significant adverse effects, particularly on grid currents within the AC-DC side of the charging station. Conversely, these specifications have minimal impact on the DC-DC side. Therefore, this paper primarily concentrates on addressing the scalability challenges associated with the AC-DC side of fast EV charging stations. Experimental analysis is conducted to assess the consequences of underestimating any specification, followed by the proposal of a general solution to compensate for or reduce each effect. The proposed methods effectively address the critical demand for scalability in fast EV chargers. Furthermore, these techniques are implemented using low-cost microcontrollers and validated experimentally through the utilization of three parallel connected AFRs.