T he standards movement has become omnipresent in contemporary education, impacting English teaching and learning in second and foreign language contexts around the world. A particular set of issues, however, is relevant to primary and secondary school settings for learners of English in which English is used as the predominant means of educating the student population across the curriculum. In these contexts, students are not just learning English as a subject matter but are learning (and being assessed upon) standards-based academic content in English as well. In these settings, standards, curricula, and assessments are designed with varying understandings and incorporation of issues related to the linguistic and academic development of English language learners (ELLs). A focus on standards-based reform in such English-medium contexts is a particularly relevant and timely focus for a TESOL Quarterly special issue because many countries with Englishmedium education have growing numbers of school-aged immigrant and indigenous ELL students and ongoing, contested debates about how best to educate them.