“…Additionally, it provides guidance on how to build and support the research as it defines philosophical, epistemological, methodological, and analytical approaches to the study. Groenewald (2021) explains that a theoretical framework presents important viewpoints, directions, and guidance to the study in that it connects the researcher to existing knowledge. A research study may be framed by utilising more than one theory -this study was underpinned by Burns' Model of Sustainability Pedagogy (Burns, 2011) and O'Donogue's Active Learning Framework (O'Donoghue's, 2001) which pertained to teachers' understanding and enhancement of LFS.…”