Enhancing Targeted Therapy in Breast Cancer by Ultrasound-Responsive Nanocarriers

Abstract

Currently, the response to cancer treatments is highly variable, and severe side effects and toxicity are experienced by patients receiving high doses of chemotherapy, such as those diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer. The main goal of researchers and clinicians is to develop new effective treatments that will be able to specifically target and kill tumor cells by employing the minimum doses of drugs exerting a therapeutic effect. Despite the development of new formulations that overall can increase the drugs’ pharmacokinetics, and that are specifically designed to bind overexpressed molecules on cancer cells and achieve active targeting of the tumor, the desired clinical outcome has not been reached yet. In this review, we will discuss the current classification and standard of care for breast cancer, the application of nanomedicine, and ultrasound-responsive biocompatible carriers (micro/nanobubbles, liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, and nanodroplets/nanoemulsions) employed in preclinical studies to target and enhance the delivery of drugs and genes to breast cancer.

External Stimuli-Responsive Strategies for Surface Modification of Orthopedic Implants: Killing Bacteria and Enhancing Osteogenesis

“…121,122 The ability of ultrasound to improve osteogenic capability depends on two main aspects: its own properties and its use to deliver osteogenesis-related drugs or factors. The low-frequency ultrasound pulses have received clinical approval in the United States for accelerating bone repair in the treatment of new fractures and osteonecrosis, 123,124 and delivery of osteogenesis-related drugs or factors via ultrasound stimulation can increase drug delivery efficiency and improve osseointegration. 112 Sonosensitizers are also an important factor in determining the effectiveness of SDT, a large number of sonosensitizers have also been developed in the ongoing development of SDT.…”

“…Additionally, cavitation, acoustic waves, and pyrolysis may also contribute to the mechanism of SDT. , The mechanical effects, primarily involving cavitation and acoustic wave effects, generate mechanical stress and facilitate ROS generation during SDT. , The ability of ultrasound to improve osteogenic capability depends on two main aspects: its own properties and its use to deliver osteogenesis-related drugs or factors. The low-frequency ultrasound pulses have received clinical approval in the United States for accelerating bone repair in the treatment of new fractures and osteonecrosis, , and delivery of osteogenesis-related drugs or factors via ultrasound stimulation can increase drug delivery efficiency and improve osseointegration …”

Revolutionizing Healthcare through Applications and Challenges of Nanomaterials in Targeted Drug Delivery and Therapeutics

“…Edwards et al [4] explored the potential of ultrasound-responsive nan carriers to improve focused on treatment in breast cancer. Their work centered on planning nanocarriers competent of reacting to ultrasound jolts, subsequently moving forward sedate discharge at particular tumor destinations.…”

Fabrication and Evaluation of Ultrasound-Responsive Emulsion Loading Paclitaxel for Targeted Chemotherapy

“…Ultrasound-assisted drug delivery is one of the emerging technologies for targeted drug delivery. − Ultrasound is a noninvasive and precise tool that can deliver energy to specific target areas of the body without causing injury. This feature makes it an attractive option for various therapeutic purposes, including imaging-guided drug and gene delivery, as well as targeted drug delivery systems. − Ultrasound-assisted drug delivery is typically used with microbubbles, which consist of ultrasound-responsive agents ( e.g. , perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride) and various shells ( e.g.…”