Enhancing the carbon yield of cellulose based carbon fibres with ionic liquid impregnates

Byrne, Nolene; Chen, Jingyu; Fox, Bronwyn

doi:10.1039/c4ta04059g

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The graphitised GF4 gave narrower reflections slightly shifted to a higher Bragg angle. The performance of pyrolysis at low heating rates and the use of impregnants or organosilicon compounds (stabilisers) [53,54] can explain the structural improvements with the highest evaluated structural order. In general, the XRD patterns of the graphitised, ex-Rayon CFs also suggest the absence of a hot stretching step at the late carbonisation stage in the manufacturing process of the carbon fibre [53], crucial for the development or improvement of the carbon structural order.…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterisation and Chemical Stability of Commercial Fibrous Carbons in Molten Lithium Salts

et al. 2019

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The growing trend towards sustainable energy production, while intermittent, can meet all the criteria of energy demand through the use and development of high-performance thermal energy storage (TES). In this context, high-temperature hybrid TES systems, based upon the combination of fibrous carbon hosts and peritectic phase change materials (PCMs), are seen as promising solutions. One of the main conditions for the operational viability of hybrid TES is the chemical inertness between the components of the system. Thus, the chemical stability and compatibility of several commercial carbon felts (CFs) and molten lithium salts are discussed in the present study. Commercial CFs were characterised by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy before being tested in molten lithium salts: LiOH, LiBr, and the LiOH/LiBr peritectic mixture defined as our PCM of interest. The chemical stability was evaluated by gravimetry, gas adsorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Among the studied CFs, the materials with the highest carbon purity and the most graphitic structure showed improved stability in contact with molten lithium salts, even under the most severe test conditions (750 °C). The application of the Arrhenius law allowed calculating the activation energy (in the range of 116 to 165 kJ mol−1), and estimating the potential stability of CFs at actual application temperatures. These results confirmed the applicability of CFs as porous hosts for stabilising peritectic PCMs based on molten lithium salts.

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Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterisation and Chemical Stability of Commercial Fibrous Carbons in Molten Lithium Salts

et al. 2019

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“…Upon pyrolysis of cellulose, the maximum carbon yield of 44.4% is rarely reached. Often, substantially lower yields are observed unless the precursor fibre is impregnated with catalysts promoting the dehydration reaction (Byrne et al 2014a;Kandola et al 1996;Zhou et al 2016). In combination with the limited mechanical properties that were offered by the first generation of (viscosetype) continuous cellulose filaments, cellulosederived CFs seemed little promising and were replaced rapidly by PAN in the 1960s (Jenkins and Kawamura 1976;Savage 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAN is an expensive petroleum derived polymer which is typically processed via solution spinning into high quality filaments. Subsequent CF manufacture requires this starting fibre (precursor) to be gently heated through a series of ovens and furnaces which is a time and energy intensive process and contributes considerably to the total cost of the CF (Buckley and Edie 1993;Fitzer 1989;Windhorst and Blount 1997). Current research efforts are thus divided between finding alternative precursor materials and developing more efficient methods for their conversion into CF (Byrne et al 2014b;Chand 2000;Frank et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced stabilization of cellulose-lignin hybrid filaments for carbon fiber production

Byrne

Silva

et al. 2017

Cellulose

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Herein we investigate the stabilization behavior of a cellulose-lignin composite fibre towards application as a new bio derived precursor for carbon fibres. Carbon fibre materials are in high demand as we move towards a lower emission high-efficiency society. However, the most prominent current carbon fibre precursor is an expensive fossil-based polymer. Over the past decade significant research has focused on using renewable and bio derived alternatives. By blending cellulose and lignin and spinning a fibre with a continuous bi-component matrix a new approach to overcome the current limitations of both these precursors is proposed. A thorough study is conducted here on understanding the stabilization of the new precursors which is a critical step in the carbon fibre process. We show that stabilization times of the composite fibre are significantly reduced in comparison to pure lignin and improvements in mass yield compared to pure cellulose fibres are observed.

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“…successfully increased the carbon yield up to 35–38 wt% by using cellulosic derivate (cellulose tosylate/phosphate) precursor fibers spun with IL‐technology . Alternatively, other strategies have been developed to achieve higher carbonization yields of 25–38 wt% such as low heating rates during pyrolysis up to 400 °C, oxidative pretreatment, and application of carbonization aids, including catalysts for dehydration, for example, ammonium phosphates and sulfates . Nonetheless, all these can so far not compete with the above‐outlined IL‐technology, whether in space‐time yields or CF properties.…”

Section: Cellulose Fiber Spinning Using Il‐technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[37] Alternatively, other strategies have been developed to achieve higher carbonization yields of 25-38 wt% such as low heating rates during pyrolysis up to 400 °C, [56][57][58] oxidative pretreatment, [59][60][61][62][63] and application of carbonization aids, including catalysts for dehydration, for example, ammonium phosphates and sulfates. [62,[64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74] Nonetheless, all these can so far not compete with the above-outlined IL-technology, [37] whether in space-time yields or CF properties.…”

Section: Il-based Cellulose Fibers As Carbon Fiber Precursormentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of Cellulose Using Ionic Liquids

Hermanutz

Vocht

Panzier

et al. 2018

Macro Materials & Eng

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The processing of cellulose dissolved in ionic liquids (ILs) enables the development of new materials. Besides the established production of cellulosic fiber products, interesting technical applications are developed like super micro filament fibers, cellulose/chitin blend fibers, precursors for carbon fibers, and all‐cellulose composites. This review provides a detailed summary of these new developments and describes how ILs are selected for the processing of cellulose with a particular emphasis on industrial realization. State‐of‐the‐art spinning processes are reviewed and it is illustrated how uniquely selected ILs can be used not only for established fiber spinning but for the development of new cellulose‐based materials.

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Enhancing the carbon yield of cellulose based carbon fibres with ionic liquid impregnates

Cited by 30 publications

References 24 publications

Structural Characterisation and Chemical Stability of Commercial Fibrous Carbons in Molten Lithium Salts

Structural Characterisation and Chemical Stability of Commercial Fibrous Carbons in Molten Lithium Salts

Enhanced stabilization of cellulose-lignin hybrid filaments for carbon fiber production

Processing of Cellulose Using Ionic Liquids

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