2017
DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2017.00070
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Enhancing the Energy Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants through Co-digestion and Fuel Cell Systems

Abstract: The present work provides an overview of technological measures to increase the self-sufficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), in particular for the largely diffused activated sludge-based WWTP. The operation of WWTPs entails a huge amount of electricity. Thermal energy is also required for pre-heating the sludge and sometimes exsiccation of the digested sludge. On the other hand, the entering organic matter contained in the wastewater is a source of energy. Organic matter is recovered as sludge, whi… Show more

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Cited by 110 publications
(83 citation statements)
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“…Energy consumption for wastewater collection was detected in plants A and D, whereas it was equal to zero in plants B and C. Considering the treatment phase, the highest value of energy consumption per treated wastewater is represented by plant C (0.3 kWh/m 3 ), and it is analogous to the value calculated for plant A (0.28 kWh/m 3 ), which is a larger scale plant, whereas the lowest is given by plant D (0.18 kWh/m 3 ). The obtained data are in agreement with the literature (0.26 to 0.87 kWh/m 3 ) [36]. Regarding the energy consumption per BOD 5 mass removed, the values are similar in the Italian context, whereas in the Romanian context, plant C (1.92 kWh/kg BOD 5 removed) exhibited values that were doubled if compared to plant D (0.98 kWh/kg BOD 5 removed).…”
Section: Comparative Analysis Of the Case Studiessupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Energy consumption for wastewater collection was detected in plants A and D, whereas it was equal to zero in plants B and C. Considering the treatment phase, the highest value of energy consumption per treated wastewater is represented by plant C (0.3 kWh/m 3 ), and it is analogous to the value calculated for plant A (0.28 kWh/m 3 ), which is a larger scale plant, whereas the lowest is given by plant D (0.18 kWh/m 3 ). The obtained data are in agreement with the literature (0.26 to 0.87 kWh/m 3 ) [36]. Regarding the energy consumption per BOD 5 mass removed, the values are similar in the Italian context, whereas in the Romanian context, plant C (1.92 kWh/kg BOD 5 removed) exhibited values that were doubled if compared to plant D (0.98 kWh/kg BOD 5 removed).…”
Section: Comparative Analysis Of the Case Studiessupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Therefore, the produced digestion gas is mostly used in CHP units in WWTPs to produce electricity. The present literature shows that increasing self-sufficiency is still the dominant topic rather than an interest in holistic and overarching utilization of the different energy forms (e.g., [33][34][35]). This is mostly caused by missing incentives and the regulatory framework and taxes, which makes selling gas/electricity not economically viable in contrast to a use on-site (e.g., in Germany; [9]).…”
Section: Ch 4 Utilizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Net energy efficiency weight is an expert evaluation of net energy efficiency in relation to the CE (see Table 2). This interpretation was set up according to the typical WWTP energy consumption, mentioned by Electric Power Research Institute and Water Research Foundation [28] and Gandiglio et al [29] and is given for two different WWTP scales. [30], Geng et al [24] and is defined as the treated wastewater flow that can be obtained and reused by alternative users, for example for irrigation or communal (e.g.…”
Section: Reduce Ce Indicator For Energy Flow Measures the Efficiency mentioning
confidence: 99%