Nanofiltration
membranes play a crucial role in various
separation
processes, demanding continuous advancements to improve their performance
and address challenges such as fouling. In this study, we present
the fabrication and characterization of a high-flux thin-film composite
nanofiltration membrane (TFC NF) through the incorporation of hydrophilic
boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs) at various concentrations (0.001–0.02
wt %). The membranes were synthesized by using interfacial polymerization
between piperazine and trimesoyl chloride monomers. Surface analyses,
including contact angle measurements, field emission-scanning electron
microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, revealed that the membranes
with incorporated BNQDs exhibited a smoother, more uniform, thinner,
and more hydrophilic surface. Zeta potential measurements confirmed
an increase in the negative surface charge of the NF membranes containing
BNQDs. The separation efficiency was evaluated through a cross-flow
filtration setup, with the TFC NF membrane containing 0.01 wt % BNQDs
demonstrating the highest separation efficiency: 96.56% for Na2SO4, 96.48% for MgSO4, 91.3% for MgCl2, and 51.38% for NaCl, coupled with a water flux of 150.5
L/m2 h. Furthermore, water flux was enhanced in all modified
membranes, reaching a maximum of 170% of the bare membrane flux (195.5
L/m2 h) in the TFC NF membrane containing 0.02 wt % BNQDs.
However, with the increased flux in the TFC NF 0.02 wt % membrane,
rejection rates for Na2SO4 and NaCl decreased
by 1.84 and 7.15%, respectively, compared to the TFC NF 0.01 wt %
membrane. Antifouling properties were evaluated by filtration of a
bovine serum albumin /NaCl solution, with all modified membranes exhibiting
improved antifouling properties. The TFC NF 0.02 wt % membrane demonstrated
superior antifouling performance.