Enhancing the mechanical properties and cytocompatibility of magnesium potassium phosphate cement by incorporating oxygen-carboxymethyl chitosan

Abstract

Incorporating bioactive substances into synthetic bioceramic scaffolds is challenging. In this work, oxygen-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC), a natural biopolymer that is nontoxic, biodegradable and biocompatible, was introduced into magnesium potassium phosphate cement (K-struvite) to enhance its mechanical properties and cytocompatibility. This study aimed to develop O-CMC/magnesium potassium phosphate composite bone cement (OMPC), thereby combining the optimum bioactivity of O-CMC with the extraordinary self-setting properties and mechanical intensity of the K-struvite. Our results indicated that O-CMC incorporation increased the compressive strength and setting time of K-struvite and decreased its porosity and pH value. Furthermore, OMPC scaffolds remarkably improved the proliferation, adhesion and osteogenesis related differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Therefore, O-CMC introduced suitable physicochemical properties to K-struvite and enhanced its cytocompatibility for use in bone regeneration.

Improvement of the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of 3D-printed polylactic acid porous scaffolds by nano-hydroxyapatite and nano-magnesium oxide

“…The pH of the nMgO composite scaffold was maintained at ∼7.4 after 28 days, and this data of pH was significantly higher compared with the PLA scaffold alone, and the difference was statistically significant ( p < 0.05). The weak alkalinity can provide a stable pH environment for the regeneration of osteoblasts and promote bone healing ( Gong et al., 2021 ; Tan et al., 2018 ; Yuan et al., 2018 ). In the research by Lizhe He et al.…”

Biodegradable magnesium phosphates in biomedical applications

“…Importantly, the incorporation of oxygen-CMC gave K-containing MgP cement suitable properties to improve the MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation, adhesion and differentiation. 107 In another case, Li et al developed an injectable and bioactive composite cement by incorporating borosilicate bio-glass into MgP cement to adjust the setting time, exothermic temperature and compressive strength, which reached to 9.9 ± 0.7 min, 45.8 ± 1.6 °C and 13.5 MPa, respectively, when the MgP to borosilicate bio-glass ratio was 3 : 1. Importantly, the degradation rate of the composite cement was faster than pure MgP cement, and the released functional ions of boron and silicon from the composite cement exhibited a stimulatory effect on the cell proliferation and new bone regeneration.…”

Engineered bone cement trigger bone defect regeneration

“…However, the synthesis of struvite results in amine emissions (Wenisch et al, 2003), which is a difficult problem to solve. Gong et al (2020) used potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ) as a source of phosphate to solve the problem of amine emissions and simultaneously synthesized K-struvite. They also introduced non-toxic and degradable natural oxycarboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) into magnesium phosphate cement (MPC), denoting the product as OMPC, to improve the cement's compressive strength.…”