Enhancing the microstructure and properties of titanium alloys through nitriding and other surface engineering methods

Zhecheva, A.; Sha, Wei; Malinov, Savko; Long, Adrian

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.07.115

Cited by 493 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Therefore, the results point towards the inherent suitability of intensified processes if fatigue performance is considered critical for the intended application. In fact, conventional gas nitriding processes are known to reduce the fatigue limit of titanium alloys [37]. The higher treatment temperature, typically exceeding 900°C, accelerates solute diffusion but may not be conducive to the retention of substrate core strength.…”

Section: Fatigue Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effects of plasma diffusion processing and duplex diffusion/PVD-coating on the fatigue performance of Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Cassar

Wilson²,

Banfield

et al. 2011

International Journal of Fatigue

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a b s t r a c tThe effect of triode-plasma enhanced low-pressure oxygen and/or nitrogen diffusion treatments, either as a single process or in conjunction with plasma-assisted physical vapour deposition (PAPVD) on Ti6Al-4V has been studied under rotating-bending fatigue testing. Following the diffusion treatment, samples exhibit a hardened case, more than 30 lm deep. Semi-logarithmic S-N plots are used to demonstrate and compare the significant changes in fatigue resistance obtained from each process. Fractography and residual stress measurements show that, compared to annealed samples, the fatigue strength of the diffusion-treated samples was superior; although the result changed depending on the processing parameters and microstructure of the substrate material. Also, unsupported and mechanically uncompliant ceramic coatings, such as TiN, promote the initiation of multiple crack sites, which lead to premature failure of the Ti-alloy substrate and a consequent reduction in endurance limit.

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Section: Fatigue Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effects of plasma diffusion processing and duplex diffusion/PVD-coating on the fatigue performance of Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Cassar

Wilson²,

Banfield

et al. 2011

International Journal of Fatigue

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“…The cost of commercially available metal foils depends on the purity level and the Earth's reserve of the element. Ti is the fourth most abundant structural metal in the Earth's crust, and it is 600 times more abundant than Mo in [27]. Consequently, Mo foil is more expensive than Ti foil.…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber layer on flexible metallic substrates for thin film solar cell applications

et al. 2015

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In this work, Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) absorber layers were fabricated using a two-stage process. Sequentially deposited Cu-Zn-Sn thin film layers on metallic foils were annealed in an Ar + S 2(g) atmosphere. We aimed to investigate the role of flexible titanium and molybdenum foil substrates in the growth mechanism of CZTS thin films. The Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of the sulfurized thin films revealed that, except for the presence of Sn-based secondary phases, nearly pure CZTS thin films were obtained. Additionally, the intense and sharp X-ray diffraction peak from the (112) plane provided evidence of good crystallinity. Electron dispersive spectroscopy analysis indicated sufficient sulfur content but poor Zn atomic weight percentage in the films. Absorption and band-gap energy analyses were carried out to confirm the suitability of CZTS thin films as the absorber layer in solar cell applications. Hall effect measurements showed the p-type semiconductor behavior of the CZTS samples. Moreover, the back contact behavior of these metallic flexible substrates was investigated and compared. We detected formation of cracks in the CZTS layer on the molybdenum foils, which indicates the incompatibility of molybdenum's thermal expansion coefficient with the CZTS structure. We demonstrated the application of the magnetron sputtering technique for the fabrication of CZTS thin films on titanium foils having lightweight, flexible properties and suitable for roll-to-roll manufacturing for high throughput fabrication. Titanium foils are also cost competitive compared to molybdenum foils.

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“…For example, aerospace, automotive, surgical implants and chemical processing plants, all use the Ti alloys. 13) In particular, they are quite important to reduce the weight of aircraft components from a view point of both CO 2 emission reduction and fuel efficiency improvement. 4) Furthermore, they are free from an electrochemically galvanic corrosion between a carbon composite like carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium Powders via Gas-Solid Direct Reaction Process and Mechanical Properties of Their Extruded Materials

2015

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In the present study, titanium (Ti) powders containing some nitrogen (N) atoms were prepared by a gas (N 2 )-solid (Ti starting powder) direct reaction process, and consolidated as an extruded rod with high strength and ductility at ambient temperature. Nitrogen content of the Ti powders via the gas-solid direct reaction process dramatically increased as the treatment time increased while no change in the oxygen content. Ti 2 N layers were formed at Ti powder surfaces via the above gas-solid reaction, however, no formation of Ti 2 N compounds was found in the extruded Ti materials. That is, the solid solution of N atoms in ¡-Ti was complete, and expected to enhance the mechanical strength of Ti materials. 0.2% yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of wrought Ti-N materials were proportional to the additive nitrogen content, and the decrease of elongation was very limited. For example, the extruded Ti powder material with nitrogen content of 0.74 mass% revealed 974 MPa in 0.2%YS, 1120 MPa in UTS and 21.7% in elongation. These tensile properties were superior to those of the conventional Ti6Al-4V alloy with the standard specification of ASTM B348-00-GR5 (0.2%YS: 918 MPa, UTS: 1047 MPa, elongation: 16.6%).

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Enhancing the microstructure and properties of titanium alloys through nitriding and other surface engineering methods

Cited by 493 publications

References 69 publications

Evaluating the effects of plasma diffusion processing and duplex diffusion/PVD-coating on the fatigue performance of Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Evaluating the effects of plasma diffusion processing and duplex diffusion/PVD-coating on the fatigue performance of Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Growth of Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber layer on flexible metallic substrates for thin film solar cell applications

Titanium Powders via Gas-Solid Direct Reaction Process and Mechanical Properties of Their Extruded Materials

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