Enhancing the operation of smart inverters with PMU and data concentrators

Gargoom, Ameen; Elmusrati, Mohammed; Gaouda, A.M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108077

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…On the other hand, the deployment of phasor measurement units (PMUs) that report to phasor data concentrators (PDCs), with a high time-stamp resolution, can provide system visibility enhancement much greater than that provided by SCADA. A distributedlevel phasor measurement unit (D-PMU or µPMU) has been developed as a more effective alternative to the SCADA system in the distribution network and provides superior characteristics, including a higher sample rate (maximum 100 and 120 frames per second for a 50 Hz and 60 Hz nominal system frequency, respectively, recommended by IEEE C37.118.1 standard [20]), higher data resolutions, fast communication, accurate synchronization achieved by utilizing global positioning system (GPS) antenna, and the capability to support a large number of devices [21,22]. Several research studies, such as [23][24][25][26], have reported on µPMU application in distribution networks, in terms of monitoring, diagnostics, and control systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hierarchical Multi-Stage Coordination of Inverters for Voltage Control in Active Distribution Networks with a µPMU-PDC

et al. 2023

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This paper proposes a hierarchical multi-stage approach based on a distributed level phasor measurement unit (µPMU) at local controllers and a phasor data concentrator (PDC) at the central control unit to restore system voltage when it exceeds the limits recommended by the IEEE 1547-2018 standard. The proposed algorithm does not need an accurate system model or employ optimization solutions. Therefore, it has less implementation complexity and would be popular among distribution network service providers (DNSPs) and distribution network operators (DNOs) as it does not suffer from cost and computational complexity limitations. A PMU-PDC-based communication platform has been developed as a more efficient alternative to the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, and provides superior characteristics, including a higher sample rate, higher data resolutions, and faster communication. The proposed coordinated algorithm aims to postpone power generation curtailment in distributed energy resources (DERs) with overvoltage problems (local DERs) by incorporating all the DERs that are not subjected to voltage violation (remote DERs) by absorbing their maximum reactive power capacity. If the system voltage has not recovered after absorbing all of the reactive power capacity of all the DERs, a reduced active power curtailment proposed by the algorithm is then applied to the system to control the voltage. The proposed strategy has been simulated in MATLAB and applied to IEEE 13-bus and IEEE 33-bus radial distribution benchmark systems to validate the performance of the system, in terms of its ability to coordinate voltage control and the accuracy of the PMU-PDC-based communication interface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hierarchical Multi-Stage Coordination of Inverters for Voltage Control in Active Distribution Networks with a µPMU-PDC

et al. 2023

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Dynamic sensitivity‐based clustering of distributed energy resources using LoRaWAN technology for voltage regulation in distribution networks

Gargoom,

Elmusrati,

Gaouda

2024

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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As the penetration level of renewable energies increases, many inverter‐based resources (IBRs) managing algorithms are proposed to control the impact of this penetration on the system. Some of these algorithms are based on a local control without visualizing the status of the whole network and others are based on a centralized control approach that results in dynamic settings without considering the mutual sensitivity among different IBRs. Hence, flexible management of IBRs to be simultaneously controlled either locally or remotely and satisfy technical and fair utilization at IBRs and systems levels becomes essential. The proposed flexible management algorithm suggested a dynamic setting that estimates the mutual sensitivity among IBRs at the system level and assures fairness among different owners. This mutual sensitivity link provides a quantifying measure of IBRs injected power on the status of the whole network. Furthermore, this measure defines dynamic clusters' boundaries that are continuously updated by including the most sensitive IBRs and updating their dynamic settings. This update takes place as system configuration, loads, and available sun‐power change in order to satisfy the flexible management algorithm without impacting fairness. The algorithm is applied on a sample DN and imposes compliance with system standard limits within a time‐frame of the stand‐alone LoRaWAN communication platform.

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The Performance and Robustness of Power Protection Schemes for Grid‐Connected PV Systems Under Varied Smart Inverter Controllers

Alasali,

El-Naily,

Loukil

et al. 2024

International Journal of Energy Research

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The increasing use of inverter‐based distributed generation requires a comprehensive study of its effects on fault analysis and the effectiveness of protection systems in distribution networks. This study examines the impact of different inverter control modes on multiple types of protective relay schemes. These include different overcurrent relay (OCR) schemes, both standard and nonstandard tripping characteristics, optimal coordination approaches, and different grid operation scenarios. The investigation is conducted through the utilization of grid‐connected and islanding operation modes, with fault resistance values of 0 and 5 Ω. The study is carried out on a 14‐bus CIGRE network which includes two photovoltaic (PV) farms with a capacity of 10 MVA each. The research provides several significant contributions, including the analysis of fault current contributions, examination of issues in OCR protection, investigation of the influence of fault impedance levels on OCR performance, evaluation of ideal coordination methods, and carrying out a comparative analysis utilizing optimization technique by using the water cycle optimization algorithm (WCA) and the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). In addition, to guarantee the robustness of the suggested protection strategy, this work adopts a hardware‐in‐the‐loop approach. The OMICRON‐256 system is utilized to carry out real‐time testing on a SIPROTEC 7SJ62 multifunction protection relay, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed method in protecting microgrids under different PV control strategies. The total operating time for the nonstandard tripping scheme was 12.077–12.3003 s for PSO and WCA, respectively, while for the standard tripping scheme, it was 12.1226 and 12.1564 s. Moreover, these findings offer practical insights that can assist operators in effectively designing the power networks with grid‐connected PV systems by showing OCR miscoordination and no tripping events in power systems with PVs under inverters controllers.

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Enhancing the operation of smart inverters with PMU and data concentrators

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

A Hierarchical Multi-Stage Coordination of Inverters for Voltage Control in Active Distribution Networks with a µPMU-PDC

A Hierarchical Multi-Stage Coordination of Inverters for Voltage Control in Active Distribution Networks with a µPMU-PDC

Dynamic sensitivity‐based clustering of distributed energy resources using LoRaWAN technology for voltage regulation in distribution networks

The Performance and Robustness of Power Protection Schemes for Grid‐Connected PV Systems Under Varied Smart Inverter Controllers

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