Enhancing the Performance of Hybrid Composites through the Addition of Zinc Oxide and Carbon Fibers

Abstract

Hybrid composite materials combining polymers and reinforcements are gaining interest for enhanced engineering properties. The main goal of this study was to create the best hybrid composite using carbon fibers, zinc oxide micro- and nanoparticles, epoxy, phenol-formaldehyde resin, and more. Samples with varying ratios of epoxy resin (50–100%) and phenol-formaldehyde resin (0–50%) were fabricated. Mechanical and water absorption testing evaluated the effects of the zinc oxide particles and carbon fibers on tensile strength, elasticity, and liquid resistance. Results showed improved tensile strength and minimized water absorption at 10% phenol resin content. Further, zinc oxide nanoparticles offered better reinforcement than microparticles, attributed to higher surface area-to-volume ratios. However, carbon fiber addition increased water absorption despite improving tensile properties. In the end, the best composite was made up of carbon fibers, zinc oxide nanoparticles, 90% epoxy resin, and 10% phenol-formaldehyde resin. This affordable hybrid composite has potential applications in sewage system piping. Further work should focus on improved mixing methods to leverage synergies between the composite constituents. The study provides valuable insights into tuning hybrid composites with nanoparticles and fibers for advanced functionality.