In most oilfields, acid fracturing
is widely used for oil production.
Understanding the relationship between the individual factors (i.e.,
carbonate rock types, acid rock reaction kinetics, and deterioration
of rock mechanical properties) can provide practical guidelines that
can be used for the design and optimization of acid fracturing operation.
This paper takes hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, and citric acid as
the main research objects and carries out acidification experiments
on sandstone in Changqing Oilfield, China. In addition, the effects
of tribasic, dibasic, and monobasic acids on the mechanical properties
of sandstone were studied. Results show that in this study area, the
most obvious effect was seen with the use of dibasic acids (hydrochloric
acid + acetic acid), which effectively reduced the sample quality,
uniaxial compressive strength, and elastic modulus. Citric acid and
Mg promote the conversion of amorphous calcium carbonate to high-crystallinity
calcite, forming a white precipitate. Furthermore, it is found by
scanning electron microscopy analysis that experimental group 5 (hydrochloric
acid + acetic acid) has the most ideal rock erosion effect. Inductively
coupled plasma emission spectrometry analysis shows that the acid
rock is present in the solution. X-ray diffraction qualitative analysis
of the composition and concentration of ions shows that the formation
of white precipitates is citric acid and Mg promotes the conversion
of amorphous calcium carbonate to high-crystallinity calcite, forming
a white precipitate. The findings of this study can help to better
understand the erosion, failure state, and failure mechanism of different
acid types on sandstone, which may provide certain references and
guidelines for sandstone acid fracturing oil production.