“…This aspect has developed in metal surface modification, where lasers can be used to alter the surface energy and roughness and achieve hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties. These properties can enhance implant biofouling, develop self-cleaning and ice-resistant surfaces, improve corrosion resistance, , as well as improve the protective properties . An important application is creating surfaces with wetting gradients, namely, surfaces comprising sequential regions with decreasing wetting angles.…”