Enhancing the wet strength of lignocellulosic fibrous networks using photo-crosslinkable polymers

Jocher, Michael; Gattermayer, Melanie; Kleebe, Hans‐Joachim; Kleemann, S.; Biesalski, Markus

doi:10.1007/s10570-014-0477-y

Cited by 22 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The resulting wet strength, which was controlled and modulated by adjusting the molar composition of the copolymer, and the mass of the polymer relative to that of the dry fiber or the wavelength used for the purposes of cross-linking, were attributed to both homocrosslinking (i.e., the polymer cross-links with itself to form a polymer network surrounding the cellulose fibers) and to co-crosslinking (i.e., the polymer reacts with itself as well as with the present cellulose fibers). Co-crosslinking was considered as the dominant process because the photochemical reaction of the BP group is unspecific, and a much higher number of aliphatic C-H groups is available on the surface of the cellulose fibers than in the polymer 18 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the CLSM images show cellulose fibers and fine fibrils of cellulose, the Raman data verify that the fine fibrils were primarily well coated with the polymer. Formation of such coatings with the polymer not only functionalizes the paper but also can increase the fiber-fiber interaction and enhance the mechanical wet-strength of the network 18 . These results show that high resolution confocal images obtained with the CLSM complement the information obtained from Raman imaging.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further details regarding the preparation technique, the transferred mass of polymer, and the influence of the relative benzophenone content in the polymers on the chemical attachment are given elsewhere. 17,18 After preparation, all samples were left to dry in air at norm-climate conditions (23°C, 50% relative humidity) for at least 15 h prior to further characterization. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 8 confocal fluorescence microscopy Polymer-modified cellulose sheets were examined using brightfield and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).…”

Section: Preparation Of Polymer-modified Paper Hand Sheetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that the depicted C-H insertion of the benzophenone (BP) into aliphatic groups of the lignocellulosic fibers resembles one of the possible reactions an excited BP group will undergo. Details of the photochemical reactions have been outlined elsewhere17,18 .…”

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Cross-Linking Cellulosic Fibers with Photoreactive Polymers: Visualization with Confocal Raman and Fluorescence Microscopy

et al. 2015

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The properties of paper sheets can be tuned by adjusting the surface or bulk chemistry using functional polymers that are applied during (online) or after (offline) papermaking processes. In particular, polymers are widely used to enhance the mechanical strength of the wet state of paper sheets. However, the mechanical strength depends not only on the chemical nature of the polymeric additives but also on the distribution of the polymer on and in the lignocellulosic paper. Here, we analyze the photochemical attachment and distribution of hydrophilic polydimethylacrylamide-co-methacrylate-benzophenone P(DMAA-co-MABP) copolymers with defined amounts of photoreactive benzophenone moieties in model paper sheets. Raman microscopy was used for the unambiguous identification of P(DMAA-co-MABP) and cellulose specific bands and thus the copolymer distribution within the cellulose matrix. Two-dimensional Raman spectral maps at the intersections of overlapping cellulose fibers document that the macromolecules only partially surround the cellulose fibers, favor to attach to the fiber surface, and connect the cellulose fibers at crossings. Moreover, the copolymer appears to accumulate preferentially in holes, vacancies, and dips on the cellulose fiber surface. Correlative brightfield, Raman, and confocal laser scanning microscopy finally reveal a reticular three-dimensional distribution of the polymer and show that the polymer is predominately deposited in regions of high capillarity (i.e., in proximity to fine cellulose fibrils). These data provide deeper insights into the effects of paper functionalization with a copolymer and aid in understanding how these agents ultimately influence the local and overall properties of paper.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Polymer-modified Paper Hand Sheetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Cross-Linking Cellulosic Fibers with Photoreactive Polymers: Visualization with Confocal Raman and Fluorescence Microscopy

et al. 2015

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“…As was shown in previous studies, the polymer coating homogenously binds to the fiber surface, and the open porous structure of the paper substrate is not significantly altered upon polymer binding (Bump et al, 2015 ; Janko et al, 2015 ). The attached macromolecule accumulates at the fiber-fiber contacts during drying of the polymeric solution, thus yielding additional wet-strengthening properties by the cross-linking of individual fibers (Jocher et al, 2015 ). The latter is an additional benefit for aqueous-based analytical devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalent Attachment of Enzymes to Paper Fibers for Paper-Based Analytical Devices

et al. 2018

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Due to its unique material properties, paper offers many practical advantages as a viable platform for sensing devices. In view of paper-based microfluidic biosensing applications, the covalent immobilization of enzymes with preserved functional activity is highly desirable and ultimately challenging. In the present manuscript, we report an efficient approach to achieving the covalent attachment of certain enzymes on paper fibers via a surface-bound network of hydrophilic polymers bearing protein-modifiable sites. This tailor-made macromolecular system consisting of polar, highly swellable copolymers is anchored to the paper exterior upon light-induced crosslinking of engineered benzophenone motifs. On the other hand, this framework contains active esters that can be efficiently modified by the nucleophiles of biomolecules. This strategy allowed the covalent immobilization of glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase onto cotton linters without sacrificing their bioactivities and performance upon surface binding. As a proof-of-concept application, a microfluidic chromatic paper-based glucose sensor was developed and achieved successful glucose detection in a simple yet efficient cascade reaction.

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The Role of Paper Chemistry and Paper Manufacture in the Design of Paper-Based Diagnostics

Schabel

Biesalski

2018

Paper-Based Diagnostics

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Enhancing the wet strength of lignocellulosic fibrous networks using photo-crosslinkable polymers

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Cross-Linking Cellulosic Fibers with Photoreactive Polymers: Visualization with Confocal Raman and Fluorescence Microscopy

Cross-Linking Cellulosic Fibers with Photoreactive Polymers: Visualization with Confocal Raman and Fluorescence Microscopy

Covalent Attachment of Enzymes to Paper Fibers for Paper-Based Analytical Devices

The Role of Paper Chemistry and Paper Manufacture in the Design of Paper-Based Diagnostics

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