Enhancing Time Reading and Recording Skills in First-Grade Children with Learning Difficulties Using the “Clock Motor Game”

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the effect of the motor game, “Clock Motor Games”, on the improvement of “Reading and Recording of Time” (RRT) in children with Grade 1 mathematical learning difficulties (MLDs). A within-school cluster-randomized intervention study was conducted with 232 children (aged 6–7 years) with limited physical education experience (0.7 ± 0.3 years). The participants were divided into two groups: a control group, which received conventional teaching on time without any additional motor activities, and an experimental group, which incorporated the concept of time with the “Clock Motor Game”, for 3 weeks. The Clock-Reading Test was administered before the intervention (T0), immediately after each session (T1), and five weeks after the intervention (T2) in both groups. The results demonstrated that the experimental group exhibited significantly greater improvements in RRT performance compared to the control group (U = 4416.5; p < 0.001; r = 0.3; medium effect). Additionally, the experimental group was more likely to show progress and less likely to experience regression or stagnation compared to the control group (25% vs. 38.4%). The findings suggest that practicing “Clock Motor Games” can positively contribute to the RRT ability in children with Grade 1 MLD.

The impact of adapted exercises in basketball on the perception of the difficulty and physical enjoyment of students with overweight

“…School is a privileged place for learning to live together for all children, adolescents, and young adults, regardless of their differences [ 9 , 22 ]. Like other disciplines, physical education in school contributes to the general and specific training of the individual and the development of the person [ 9 ], so that they often show a more satisfactory academic performance [ [23] , [24] , [25] ], but it is the only discipline in which, through a medical certificate, some students think they can evade [ 26 ]. Adolescents with obesity escape disciplinary measures with circumvention strategies development, as in the case of anorexics.…”