Enhancing Tomato Fruits Post-Harvest Resistance by Salicylic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Elicitors Against Rot Caused by Alternaria solani

Abstract

Postharvest diseases cause a great reduction in the quantity and quality of fruits yield. Treatment of tomato fruits with salicylic acid (SA) and Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) elicitors enhanced the resistance to fruit rot caused by Alternaria solani. Moreover, the treatment decreased the development of post-harvesting fruit rot disease. The treatment with either SA or H 2 O 2 individually or in combination on tomato shoots (in farm) decreased the diameter of fruit rotted area, decreased the PG activity, significantly increased PAL, PPO, POD enzyme activities and increased PR2 and PR3 genes expression after fruit harvesting. On the other hand, treatment by elicitors after harvesting decreased both diameter of rotten area and decreased PG activity but increased the activity of the PAL, PPO, POD enzymes. Also, the gene expression of PR2 and PR3 genes were high in compared to treatment by elicitors before fruits harvesting. The same observation was obtained by the combination of SA and H 2 O 2, diameter rotten area was decreased and the PG as well. Significant incensement in the activity of enzymes PAL, PPO, POD, this combined with high expression of both PR2 and PR3 genes.

Effect of Salicylic Acid on Induction of Resistance Against Green Mold in Orange Fruits

“…These results are in harmony with findings by (Adss et al 2017), who found that treatment of tomato fruits by elicitors after harvesting increased the activity of the PAL, PPO, and POD enzymes. The mechanisms of defense include earlier physical and chemical barriers that inhibit the pathogen (Hilal et al 2016;Shafie et al 2016;Yousef et al 2016;Farouk et al 2017;El-Sharkawy et al 2018;El-Sharkawy et al 2022).…”

“…The application of SA at a concentration of 12 mM decreased disease incidence and severity by 25 and 39.06%, respectively (Table 3). These results are in harmony with Adss et al (2017) who found that tomato fruits with SA elicitor enhanced the resistance to A. solani and reduced the rotten area. Also, Atia et al 2019 found that in vivo, SA minimized the disease severity of tuber rots caused by F. solani or S. sclerotiorum compared with control.…”

“…Postharvest diseases are of great importance that should not be overlooked, as they cause the loss of more than half of the agricultural production of fruits and vegetables. The following fungi are the most important pathogens of fruits and vegetables after harvest Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. parasiticus, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium digitatum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium sambucinum (Adss et al 2017;Attia et al 2019;Soliman et al 2019;Elsherbiny et al 2021). The most important pathogenic fungi such as Penicillium, Sclerotinia, Fusarium, Alternaria, and Botrytis, especially in conditions of high temperature and high humidity shorten the storage period and cause global economic losses (Chen et al 2014).…”

Comparative Analyses of Four Chemicals Used to Control Black Mold Disease in Tomato and Its Effects on Defense Signaling Pathways, Productivity and Quality Traits

“…Additionally, water-soluble chitosan (WSC) inhibited the development of anthracnose based on the diameter of the lesion in chili pepper fruits that were inoculated with Colletotrichum capsici [ 62 ]. Foliar application of tomato plants with salicylic acid enhanced their resistance to fruit rots caused by Alternaria solani , with the treatment decreasing the development of post-harvest fruit rot disease [ 63 ]. As for naturally infected tomato fruits, only six sprays of all the tested chemicals, except potassium thiosulfate, totally inhibited the development of black mold infection in tomato fruits during cold storage for 15 days during the two seasons.…”

Bio-preservative potential of lactic acid bacteria metabolites against fungal pathogens

“…When associated with the lactoperoxidase/ thiocyanate system, hydrogen peroxide leads to the formation of inhibitory compounds which are bacteriostatic. In a recent study by Adss et al (2017), treatment of tomato fruits with salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide elicitors enhanced the resistance to fruit rot caused by Alternaria solani and decreased the development of postharvesting fruit rot disease. All the isolates were able to produce crude bacteriocin at different levels.…”