Enhancing toughness of CrN coatings by Ni addition for safety-critical applications

Wo, P.C.; Munroe, Paul; Jiang, Zhong Tao; Zhou, Zhifeng; Li, K.Y.; Xie, Zonghan

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2013.12.064

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The (200) becomes broader, as well as decreases in intensity, as the Ni concentration is increased indicating the grain size crystallites of the CrN phase become smaller. This is consistent with the previous observation by Wo et al 23 Peak C at round 44.7°2θ is due to (1) the iron-based substrate (JCPDS 87-0721; space group 229; (110)), (2) Evolution of Cr and N in the Nickel-Doped Cr 1−y Ni y N Thin Films. Typically, X-ray absorption and/or emission spectroscopy probes the unoccupied and occupied densities of states of any compound on an element and orbital angular momentum based dipole selection rules.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…23 The NEXAFS results from the Cr 1−y Ni y N coatings are able to explain the mechanical behavior of these coatings previously observed in a previous study. 23 The data in Figures 2−7 show no significant line shape changes, as Ni content is increased, in the near-edge spectra, suggesting that the angular character of the existing bonding is not affected by the addition of Ni. Although chemical states in the coatings changes with Ni introduction, less significant changes has been detected from the local environments of Ni, which means that the types of bonding existing in the coatings are the same in all coatings.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…%. 23 This could be the result of an increase in d-suborbitals observed in the present study. In addition, an increase in peak intensities of Cr L-edge spectra was observed in high concentration of Ni, suggesting possible variations in valence, which could result in a reduction of crystalline domains, i.e., smaller grain size.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…This is a plausible explanation for the narrower (finer) grains observed in the Cr 1−y Ni y N from previous XTEM examinations. 23 The increase of the peak intensities of Ni L-edge spectrum, with increasing Ni concentration, indicates an increase in coordination and effective charge of Ni atoms with stronger bonds associated with the Ni atoms. This leads to stronger grain boundaries in the crystals.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This agrees with the transition of deformation mechanism from grain boundary sliding in CrN to buckling of grains in Cr 1−y Ni y N as seen in a previous study. 23 …”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding Local Bonding Structures of Ni-Doped Chromium Nitride Coatings through Synchrotron Radiation NEXAFS Spectroscopy

et al. 2014

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CrN has widespread applications as protective coatings, for example, in aircraft jet engines whereby their high hardness and good oxidation resistance render metal components resistant to harsh operating conditions. Alloying elements are commonly incorporated (doped) into the coatings to further enhance their thermomechanical properties. However, the effect of dopants on the electronic properties and their roles in modifying the grain boundary configurations remain unclear. Lack of such critical knowledge has hindered the development of design strategies for high performance CrNbased coatings. To address this challenging issue, in the present study nearedge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) investigations of Cr 1−y Ni y N coatings at the Cr L 3,2 -edge (570−610 eV), Ni L 3,2 -edge (840−890 eV), and N K-edge (380−450 eV) regions were conducted using synchrotron radiation soft X-ray (SXR) spectroscopy in both Auger electron yield (AEY) and total fluorescence yield (TFY) modes. The chemical states in CrNiN were found to change with the increase of Ni content, manifested as a small chemical shift and moderate change of shapes of various absorption edges. The CrN grain size also became smaller with increasing Ni concentration. These findings help improve our understanding of local bonding structures, which could potentially lead to improved coating designs for highly demanding applications. ■ INTRODUCTIONInterests in transition metal nitrides have risen in the past few years due to their unique physical and mechanical properties that render them suitable for a wide range of technological applications in numerous devices. 1−13 For their superior strength, high corrosion, and oxidation resistance, these materials have been used in extreme pressure and temperature conditions, e.g., jet engine components. Moreover, dopants have been used to enhance their various physicochemical and mechanical properties such as hardness, oxidation resistance, inertness, diffusion resistance, and reflectance by the formation of dislocations, disorderness, vacancy, and atom substitution. 1,[3][4][5]9 In addition, incorporation of Si, Al, or Ti into the CrN matrix results in the reduction of grain sizes down to the nanoscale, which enhances the hardness of the thin films. 2 At the nanoscale, the formation of dislocations becomes difficult, and the hardness of the thin coatings is thereby controlled by the grain boundary. 14 Synchrotron radiation is emitted by very high-energy electrons circulating around a storage ring by a series of magnets separated by straight sections inside the synchrotron tunnels. Owing to their large skin depth in materials,

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This agrees with the transition of deformation mechanism from grain boundary sliding in CrN to buckling of grains in Cr 1−y Ni y N as seen in a previous study. 23 …”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding Local Bonding Structures of Ni-Doped Chromium Nitride Coatings through Synchrotron Radiation NEXAFS Spectroscopy

et al. 2014

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First‐principle calculations of CrN(200)/Ni(111) interface: Atomic structure, stability, and electronic properties

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2020

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Atomic structure, adhesion energy, and electronic properties of the bonding nature at CrN(200)/Ni(111) interfacial region are studied by first‐principle calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). A new method for building the heterostructure of CrN(200)/Ni(111) is proposed to solve the large lattice mismatching between CrN(200) and Ni(111) slab. Three models (OT, ST, and TL) with different interface distance are built up, and the total energy for each of them is calculated. Comparing with other stacking sequence, TL sites with 1.9‐Å spacing at the interfacial region shows the biggest value of adhesion energy after geometry relaxation. Furthermore, the contour of charge density, partial charge density of states, and Bader charge values of the TL sites with 1.9‐Å spacing are plotted out and calculated. Results indicate that covalency bonding between Ni and N ions and metallic bonding between Ni and Cr atoms are formed at the interfacial region.

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Effect of Ni Content on Double-Target Co-sputtered CrNiN Coatings

Tan

Zhang

et al. 2019

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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Enhancing toughness of CrN coatings by Ni addition for safety-critical applications

Cited by 51 publications

References 25 publications

Understanding Local Bonding Structures of Ni-Doped Chromium Nitride Coatings through Synchrotron Radiation NEXAFS Spectroscopy

Understanding Local Bonding Structures of Ni-Doped Chromium Nitride Coatings through Synchrotron Radiation NEXAFS Spectroscopy

First‐principle calculations of CrN(200)/Ni(111) interface: Atomic structure, stability, and electronic properties

Effect of Ni Content on Double-Target Co-sputtered CrNiN Coatings

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