Enhancing Trust in Autonomous Vehicles through Intelligent User Interfaces That Mimic Human Behavior

Abstract

Autonomous vehicles use sensors and artificial intelligence to drive themselves. Surveys indicate that people are fascinated by the idea of autonomous driving, but are hesitant to relinquish control of the vehicle. Lack of trust seems to be the core reason for these concerns. In order to address this, an intelligent agent approach was implemented, as it has been argued that human traits increase trust in interfaces. Where other approaches mainly use anthropomorphism to shape appearances, the current approach uses anthropomorphism to shape the interaction, applying Gricean maxims (i.e., guidelines for effective conversation). The contribution of this approach was tested in a simulator that employed both a graphical and a conversational user interface, which were rated on likability, perceived intelligence, trust, and anthropomorphism. Results show that the conversational interface was trusted, liked, and anthropomorphized more, and was perceived as more intelligent, than the graphical user interface. Additionally, an interface that was portrayed as more confident in making decisions scored higher on all four constructs than one that was portrayed as having low confidence. These results together indicate that equipping autonomous vehicles with interfaces that mimic human behavior may help increasing people’s trust in, and, consequently, their acceptance of them.

Exploring Personalised Autonomous Vehicles to Influence User Trust

“…As Lee and See [36] also highlighted, trust in automation is not simply an This experiment also suggested that participants felt they could understand a personalised AV, which brought a sense of familiarity by making the system more , as suggested by Sun et al [60]. This consideration is also relevant to recent research into trust, which stated that the quality of an automated system could not be estimated as easily by users [52]. However, it is simpler when personalising the system to a human driver because it is easier to presume what a human driver can handle and what the driver can use for reference purposes [18].…”

“…Furthermore, prior research suggests that few drivers trust automated driving systems [5,34], and this lack of trust restricts the potential of drivers to fully utilise the benefits of an AV. To date, little has been done to consider the human trust factor into the design of AV systems [52].…”

Drivers’ Age and Automated Vehicle Explanations

“…Explanations have been used to support a range of automation, such as automated decision aid, driving automation, and recommender systems. Explanations reduce surprise and concerns about the actions taken by the automation, and facilitate trust in that automation [19][20][21]. For example, explanations in the human-automation interaction interface design promote users' trust and acceptance [22].…”

Subjektive Sicherheit zur Steigerung der Akzeptanz des automatisierten und vernetzten Fahrens

“…Hochund vollautomatisierte Funktionen von Fahrzeugen sollen zukünftig alle Kontroll-und Überwachungsaufgaben übernehmen, die bisher von Menschen ausgeführt werden. Der daraus resultierende Verlust an Kontrolle kann bei den Nutzenden zukünftiger automatisierter Fahrzeuge jedoch Ungewissheit und subjektive Unsicherheit [19] auslösen und zu einem Verlust an Vertrauen führen [20]. Insbesondere, wenn das Nutzungsversprechen die Möglichkeit zur vollständigen Hinwendung auf fahrfremde Tätigkeiten umfasst, kann sich der versprochene Gewinn von AVF für zukünftige Nutzende aber nur einstellen, wenn die Nutzung entsprechender Fahrzeuge (mit den Automationsstufen SAE 4 oder 5, [21]) nicht mit subjektiver Unsicherheit (Ungewissheit) und fehlendem Vertrauen verbunden ist [22].…”