Enhancing Wind Power Integration through Optimal Use of Flexibility in Multi-Carrier Energy Systems from the Danish Perspective

Abstract

Denmark' goal of being independent of fossil energy sources in 2050 puts forward great demands on all energy subsystems (electricity, heat, gas and transport, etc.) to be operated in a holistic manner. The Danish experience and challenges of wind power integration and the development of district heating systems are summarized in this paper. How to optimally use the cross-sectoral flexibility by intelligent control (model predictive control-based) of the key coupling components in an integrated heat and power system including electrical heat pumps in the demand side, and thermal storage applications in buildings is investigated.

Ten questions concerning energy flexibility in buildings

“…Historically, multicarrier systems have been modeled and analyzed with the objective of reducing primary energy use, emissions, and cost [63]. Recent research addresses designing and operating multicarrier energy systems for maximum flexibility to enable a higher integration level of variable RES at the neighborhood or urban level [64], in isolated systems [65], and at the country level [66]. Flexibility can also help integrate waste heat recovery and promote heat-sharing within a multicarrier system [67].…”