Enjoyment and Behavioral Intention Predict Organized Youth Sport Participation and Dropout

Gardner, Lauren A.; Magee, Christopher A.; Vella, Stewart A.

doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0572

Cited by 82 publications

(91 citation statements)

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“…The first theme, Enjoyment, is in line with past research that has shown ones' positive satisfaction is a key motivational resource for retention in sport participation (Crane & Temple, 2015;Gardner et al, 2017). Also, according to the results of qualitative data, a majority of athletes highlighted meeting new people from different countries as a positive experience in CYG.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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confidence: 99%

“…Sport psychology research has denoted that the positive feelings a person ascertains from their sport experience are important factors in determining their retention (Crane & Temple, 2015;Gardner, Magee, & Vella, 2017). Specifically, the level of satisfaction a person experiences in sport contributes to their attitude toward continuation (Crane & Temple, 2015;Gardner et al, 2017;Ryan & Deci, 2000). For example, a person's enjoyment in sport is influenced by their relationships with parents, coaches, and peers, key considerations in particular for those aged [15][16][17][18] where attrition rates are high (Chan, Lonsdale, & Fung, 2012;Gardner, Magee, & Vella, 2016;Rottensteiner, Konttinen, & Laakso, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Many factors are associated with a person's attitude formation and intention toward a behavior. In this study, we examined the planned organizational service environment factors that helped form young athletes' attitudes regarding their future involvement in high-performance sport. Through a survey design that included quantitative and qualitative questions, data was collected from 207 young pre-elite athletes who competed during the 2017 Commonwealth Youth Games in The Bahamas. Several service environment factors contributed to young athletes' satisfaction with the event including their accommodations, nutrition, available information regarding their sport, and finally, the social and cultural activities experienced during games-time. However, satisfaction with the service environment was not predictive of young athletes' future intentions to remain in sport. Qualitative thematic coding denoted two key themes related to athlete's plans to continue in high-performance sport: level of enjoyment and learning. Further, results revealed five main impediments to continuing in high-performance sport: physiological, psychological, performance, environmental, and life concerns. This paper contributes to our understanding of the service environment factors that influence young athletes in a multi-sport international event and provides evidence of important aspects involved in athletes' attitude formation and intentions to remain in the high-performance sport system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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“…In addition, studies expanding the HMIEM, considering the prediction of one outcome to another (eg, enjoyment → intention), are uncommon, 9 and to the best of our knowledge, no study has measured and added observable outcomes, such as behavior persistence on the model sequence. This gap in the literature regarding the effect of enjoyment on behavioral intentions and behavioral performance has been previously reported 21 and highlighted by systematic reviews, 22,23 showing the particular importance of enjoyment and intentions on behavior enactment.…”

Section: Present Researchmentioning

confidence: 91%

The bright and dark sides of motivation as predictors of enjoyment, intention, and exercise persistence

Rodrigues¹,

Teixeira

Neiva³

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

135

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Objective The present study aimed to examine the bright and dark sides of motivation, based on self‐determination theory, as predictors of enjoyment, intention to continue exercising, and exercise persistence. In addition, we analyzed the mediation role of each variable and tested the model invariance between male and female exercisers. Methods A total of 575 gym exercisers (female = 230) aged between 18 and 65 years (M = 34.07; SD = 11.47) participated in this study. All participants had at least 6 months of regular exercise practice; exercise frequency of the participants ranged from 2 to 7 sessions per week (M = 3.52; SD = 1.28) and training sessions lasted approximately 30 and 120 minutes (M = 61.54; SD = 17.64). Participants completed a multisection questionnaire assessing interpersonal behaviors, basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration, behavioral regulations, enjoyment, and intentions to continue exercising. Exercise persistence was assessed 6 months after initial assessment using gym computer system attendance records. Several analyses, namely, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, serial mediation analysis, and structural invariance testing, were performed to increase theoretical and empirical knowledge. Results Positive associations were observed among the bright side of motivation, enjoyment, intention to continue exercising, and persistence. On the other hand, the dark side of motivation was negatively associated with the bright side constructs, enjoyment, intention, and exercise persistence. Both measurement [χ2(370) = 1496.708, χ2/df = 4.05; B‐S P < .001, CFI = 0.907, TLI = 0.901, SRMR = 0.056, RMSEA = 0.073 (CI 90% = 0.063, 0.083)] and structural models [χ2(393) = 2484.994, χ2/df = 6.323; B‐S P < .001, CFI = 0.908, TLI = 0.900, SRMR = 0.075, RMSEA = 0.071 (CI 90% = 0.067, 0.075)] displayed acceptable fit to the data. The results also showed that basic psychological needs satisfaction, autonomous motivation, enjoyment, and intention to continue exercising were significant mediators. However, enjoyment had the highest effect on exercise persistence. In addition, structural model invariance was confirmed between male and female exercisers. Conclusion Motivational determinants have implications for predicting emotional, cognitive, and behavior‐related outcomes. Individuals should perceive exercise instructors as supportive and exercising as a fun activity to endorse long‐term exercise persistence.

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“…Focusing on the effects that these variables have on young athletes, it was found that those who receive greater social support from their team or have higher levels of sports competence and autonomy have lower levels of burnout and higher levels of intrinsic motivation (DeFreese and Smith, 2013;Rottensteiner et al, 2015;Jowett et al, 2016). On the other hand, the absence of fun or the establishment of ego goals is closely related to the presence of burnout symptoms, as well as to sport dropout (Gardner et al, 2017;Sorkkila et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Former Road Cyclists Still Involved in Cycling Report Lower Burnout Levels Than Those Who Abandoned This Sport

et al. 2020

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Despite the numerous benefits associated with sport practice, many children and adolescents end up quitting it year after year, with a stable dropout rate between 10 and 19 years of age. Among the causes of sport abandonment, the scientific literature highlights the presence of burnout as a fundamental factor. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of the three components of sport burnout-emotional and physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation-reported by a sample of young (former) athletes, depending on whether their sport abandonment was relative (i.e., change to another sport modality) or definitive. In particular, participants were former agonist road cyclists, who have been divided into three groups on the basis of what they did after abandoning road bicycle racing, namely: (a) those still involved in cycling, either in a different specialty (e.g., mountain bike) or with a different role (e.g., coach for kids); (b) those who started practicing a different sport; and (c) those who definitively abandoned sports. The general hypothesis was that, with respect to those who changed sport and those who definitively abandoned it, those still involved in cycling would report experiencing lower levels of the three burnout components during the last year practicing it. To test this hypothesis, the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ; Raedeke and Smith, 2001) was administered to 85 young former road cyclists. The results seem to support the hypothesis for two out of the three components, namely, emotional and physical exhaustion and sport devaluation; on the other hand, for reduced sense of accomplishment, no difference among the three groups emerged. Further research is needed to deepen the understanding of such processes, also in relation with other relevant constructs; yet, the results of the present study should already raise the awareness of sport organizations on the need to deal with this and related phenomena by adopting appropriate strategies to ensure the well-being of young athletes, thus trying to reduce early dropout.

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Enjoyment and Behavioral Intention Predict Organized Youth Sport Participation and Dropout

Abstract: Findings support the use of enjoyment and behavioral intentions as indicators of sport participation/dropout behavior and may aid the development of interventions aimed at preventing future dropout.

Cited by 82 publications

References 30 publications

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The bright and dark sides of motivation as predictors of enjoyment, intention, and exercise persistence

Former Road Cyclists Still Involved in Cycling Report Lower Burnout Levels Than Those Who Abandoned This Sport

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