An Indigenous social work guided by Indigenous Australians' participation and experience that has, at its heart, human rights and social justice is in its infancy in Australia. The present paper continues a discussion on Indigenous Australian social work theory and practice developments being generated by those working in this field. Aspects of this ''praxis'' include recognition of the effects of invasion, colonialism, and paternalistic social policies upon social work practice with Indigenous communities; recognition of the importance of self-determination; contemporary Indigenous and nonIndigenous colleagues working in partnership; the impact of contemporary racist and neocolonialist values; and rethinking contemporary social work values and practices. There is discussion of appropriation and reinterpretation of social work concepts, incorporation of international and local Indigenous theory, and the framing of social work by Indigenous Australians' views and values.Social Work in the context of Australian Indigenous communities and families is a highly contentious matter. Social work has been involved in and has colluded in racist, patronising, and unjust practices. The profession has recognised this, has apologised (Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW), 2004) and has started to seek how to learn from Indigenous Australians and how to educate Indigenous and non-Indigenous social workers to work more appropriately with Indigenous communities and individuals. However, this work is not far advanced (see Briskman,