“…In recent studies of nuclear excitations in stable and unstable nuclei, low-energy dipole (LED) strength, which has been found in lower energy regions than giant dipole resonances, has attracted experimental [1,2,3] and theoretical [4] attention. The LED strengths has been observed in some N = Z nuclei [5,6,7,8] and in various neutron-rich nuclei such as 18 O [9, 10], 20 O [11], and 26 Ne [12,13]. Properties and origins of the LED excitations have been often discussed in relation with symmetry energy of nuclear matter [14,15,16], neutron skin thickness in neutron-rich nuclei [17,18,19,20,21], and neutron capture rate from astrophysical interests [22,23,24], but they have been not clarified yet.…”