Enquiries into Attempted Suicide [<i>Abridged</i>]

Stengel, E.

doi:10.1177/003591575204500910

Cited by 76 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The term ‘failed suicide’ suggested by Stengel1 (which is self-explanatory) for the former group and ‘deliberate self-harm’ (DSH) suggested by Morgan4 for the latter group are being proposed as the nomenclatures. This distinction will help clinicians to identify the risk in their patients and consequently in their management and follow-up.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Failed suicide and deliberate self-harm: A need for specific nomenclature

Sarkar

Sattar²,

Gode

et al. 2006

Indian J Psychiatry

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Background:Out of those who attempted self-harm and survived, many actually wanted to die and many did not. Presently, no distinctive nomenclature exists for these two groups, which causes difficulty in understanding as well as in management and research.Aim:To study whether there exist two such groups which are distinct and can be differentiated clinically.Methods:Seventy-eight persons who attempted self-harm were evaluated in detail by a psychiatrist. The data were recorded in an especially designed proforma which documented sociodemographic variables, psychiatric and physical illnesses, psychosocial stress factors, substance abuse, past and family history and details of suicide attempt.Results:Two groups emerged with distinct characteristics. The two groups were different in factors such as age, diagnosis, intentionality, lethality, mode, motive to kill oneself, past/family history, relation to stress, personality traits and precaution to prevent detection before and/or after the act. The group which had persons who really wanted to die but survived is suggested to be named as the ‘failed suicide’ group and the other group which had persons who did not actually want to die is suggested to be named as the ‘deliberate self-harm’ group.Conclusion:Those who cause harm to themselves but survive can be distinctly put into two groups: (i) the ‘failed suicide’ group constituting those who actually wanted to kill themselves and (ii) the ‘deliberate self-harm’ group constituting those who did not actually want to die. The criteria for distinctions are suggested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stengel1 identified differences between people who completed suicide and who attempted suicide but survived. He said that a degree of suicidal intent was present in both groups and those who survived were ‘failed suicide’.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failed suicide and deliberate self-harm: A need for specific nomenclature

Sarkar

Sattar²,

Gode

et al. 2006

Indian J Psychiatry

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“…Stengel (1959) emphasized the difference between persons who kill themselves and those who harm themselves sub‐lethally. He suggested the terms “suicide” and “attempted suicide.” In both cases, he assumed a demonstrable conscious intent of self‐destruction as an essential component.…”

Section: Clinical Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal for a Distinctive Diagnosis: the Deliberate Self‐Harm Syndrome (DSH)

Kahan

Pattison

1984

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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Self-destructive behavior is a major clinical problem in psychiatry. A review of the literature reveals the existence of enough clinical data to identify a diagnostic entity, "The Deliberate Self-Harm Syndrome" (DSH). The authors present a diagnostic formulation of the DSH syndrome (in the DSM-III format) which consists of four essential clinical features, a group of associated features, clinical features, a group of associated features, a clinical course of typical onset in late adolescence, with multiple recurrent episodes, with multiple methods of low lethality physical self-injury, extending over many years. On the basis of relatively exclusive association of clinical signs and symptoms a heuristic clinical entity is proposed.

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“…It is within a sociological or social psychological framework that the appeal function of self‐mutilation can be formulated. Stengel (1952) applied this explanation to many cases of attempted suicide. The appeal function is the tacit message that an individual directs towards another without explicitly revealing in words the content of the communication.…”

Section: Social Psychological Model Of Appealmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As feelings of loneliness and isolation become more acute, the patient struggles with the impulsive act and the responsible act. Stengel (1952) suggested that this is the “ordeal character” of self‐destruction; a test between the life‐preserving tendencies and the destructive impulses. Many authors have posited that under the stress of these feelings, a transition to a depersonalized state occurs (Simpson, 1976a; 1980; Raine, 1982).…”

Section: Anixiety‐reduction Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Models of Self‐Mutilation

Bennun¹

1984

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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The descriptive models of self-mutilation fall into three broad categories. The psychodynamic formulation; the second category includes the anxiety reduction model, the hostility model, the behavioral learning model and the appeal model; the third social learning category includes the group-epidemic model and aspects of the violence and punishment model. The three models support the view that there is no single cause or motive responsible for self-mutilating behavior. Having a number of factors in mind allows for flexibility and enables clinicians to test particular hypotheses during management and gives them the opportunity to alter intervention accordingly. The problems faced by self-mutilating patients are so varied that no single form of treatment is likely to be universally appropriate.

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Enquiries into Attempted Suicide [Abridged]

Cited by 76 publications

References 6 publications

Failed suicide and deliberate self-harm: A need for specific nomenclature

Failed suicide and deliberate self-harm: A need for specific nomenclature

Proposal for a Distinctive Diagnosis: the Deliberate Self‐Harm Syndrome (DSH)

Psychological Models of Self‐Mutilation

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