“…A cuteness taxonomy developed by Marcus et al (2017) includes the following elements of cuteness: media (e.g., emojis, emoticons), appearances (e.g., colors, shapes, anthropomorphism), sounds (e.g., high-pitched, babylike), language (e.g., specific vocabulary), and behavior (e.g., gestures or posture that make the entity be perceived as cute). One additional linguistic attribute of cuteness is the frequent use of diminutives in the online contexts, e.g., in Chinese social media (Li, 2021). While several emotional content annotation guides exist, most focus on a small set of 6-9 emotions, and to our knowledge, none cover cuteness or kama muta (see Bostan and Klinger, 2018 for a review) with the exception of the Social Media Emotions Annotation Guide (SMEmo Guide) 3.32, originally developed as part of an effort to analyze 20+ emotions in social media which includes cute content (Paletz, 2018;Paletz et al, 2020;version 4.0 Paletz et al, 2022; see use in Murauskaite et al, n.d.).…”