Enriched Doping Level and Tuned Fiber Fractal Dimensions in Nonwoven Carbon‐Doped Polyaniline for Efficient Solid‐State Supercapacitors

Abstract

Nonwoven fibrous mats of polyaniline/carbon black on conducting substrates are synthesized through a two‐step oxidative process. Adsorbed and catalyzed aniline monomers in the synthesis process improved the doping degree (0.381) in the hybrid fibers. The formation of a porous mat on substrates was confirmed by using electron microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The fractal dimensions of the fibers are correlated with Porod's law and suggest the presence of a nonfractal structure in the PCN1 mat. The hybrid mat exhibited a high porosity and effective surface area, even interfaces, and conductive pathways for the electrode/electrolyte to improve the kinetic process. Electrochemical measurements have been conducted on developed fibers, which showed a high specific capacitance of around 1526 F g−1, excellent cyclic stability, and elevated energy density (212 Wh kg−1) after doping carbon into polyaniline (PANI). Additionally, a symmetric solid‐state supercapacitor device was fabricated, a capacitance around 270 F g−1 was measured, and it was able to light a commercial light‐emitting diode (LED).

Observation of morphology resembling Hydrangea macrophylla flower in SILAR-deposited MFe2O4 (M=Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+) nanocrystallites: synergetic effect on electrochemical performance

“…Hence, the randomly oriented nanosheets may cause the faster nucleation rate during deposition, and create micro pores which support a large surface area for a redox reaction. Again, to corroborate with the XRD results, elemental compositions of developed metal ferrites the developed electrodes and specific capacitance was calculated from the CV curve using the following equation [45][46][47][48]:…”

“…The above electrochemical results further supplemented through the galvanostatic discharge curve in the same 6 M KOH electrolyte solution at various current densities. The specific capacitance was calculated from the discharge curve using the following relation [45][46][47][48][49]:…”

“…The capacitance is improved in MFs due to unique flower-like morphology with interconnected nanoplatelets, which enhance the conducting pathway, improve the interface for the charge transfer rate and allow more electroactive sites to shorten the diffusion length. Further, the discharge curve was used to calculate energy and power densities using the following equations [47][48][49]:…”

Plant- and fungi-inspired hierarchical structures as electrode materials: a review

“…In this process, the monomers were deposited on carbon paper and reacted with the oxidant (ammonium peroxydisulfate) to form long chains of PANI/carbon fibers. 75 As an electrode, it exhibited a high specific capacitance of 1526 F g −1 in a 1 M H 2 SO 4 electrolyte.…”

Enhanced tortuosity for electrolytes in microwave irradiated self-organized carbon-doped Ni/Co hydroxide nanocomposite electrodes with higher Ni/Co atomic ratio and rate capability for an asymmetric supercapacitor

“…The more carbon containing Ni/Co composite showed better cyclic performance. Conducting carbon nanoparticles (EDLC material) formed a conjugate network (π−π bond interaction) with Ni/Co hydroxides and also contributed to charge transportation during the electrochemical process, which further enhanced active sites and chemical stability [63,64]. EIS is a useful characterization technique to understand the charge-transfer resistance-kinetics of electrodes.…”