Enriched environment effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced spatial learning, memory impairment and hippocampal inflammatory cytokine levels in male rats

Keymoradzadeh, Arman; Hedayati, Mojtaba; Abedinzade, Mahmood; Gazor, Rohollah; Rostampour, Mohammad; Taleghani, Behrooz Khakpour

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112814

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Previous studies reported the same results. 69 , 70 However, other research revealed that SAE or EE did not change the IL-10 or IL-1β levels in the hippocampus. This contradiction might have been caused by the different SAE model and different experimental animals used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Environmental Enrichment Protects Against Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits by Enhancing the Synthesis and Release of Vasopressin in the Supraoptic Nucleus

Jiang¹,

Wang²,

Tang³

et al. 2022

JIR

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Background As a severe complication of sepsis, sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) usually manifests as impaired learning and memory ability in survivors. Previous studies have reported that environmental enrichment (EE) can increase the learning and memory ability in different brain injury models. However, there has been no research on the possible positive effect of EE on SAE. Aim The present study aimed to test the effect of EE on SAE-induced impairment of learning and memory and its related mechanisms. Methods A Morris water maze test (MWM) was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of SAE rats that received EE housing or not. The expression of vasopressin (VP) was assessed using immunofluorescence microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The synthesis of VP in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) was determined using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Moreover, inflammatory markers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were detected using ELISA. Results The results showed that SAE induced a decreased learning and memory ability, while EE reversed this impairment. EE also enhanced the synthesis and secretion of VP in the SON. Blocking the action of VP in the hippocampus interrupted the EE-induced amelioration of learning and memory impairment. Moreover, EE induced changes to the levels of BDNF and cytokines in the hippocampus and these effects were mediated by VP binding to the VP receptor 1a. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that the enhanced synthesis and secretion of VP in the SON are a key determinant responsible for EE-induced alleviation of learning and memory deficits caused by SAE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Environmental Enrichment Protects Against Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits by Enhancing the Synthesis and Release of Vasopressin in the Supraoptic Nucleus

Jiang¹,

Wang²,

Tang³

et al. 2022

JIR

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“…IL-10 helped to improve spatial memory performance in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with Escherichia coli [5]. Increased IL-10 levels played a role in the process of enriched environment alleviated LPS-induced spatial learning and memory impairment [6]. IL-10 is an important molecule in the modulation of learning and memory dysfunction, as shown by the IL-10 tm1/tm1 mice that exhibited behavioral de cits in the MWM test [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Memory Impairment Related to NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and TRPC5 Decrease in Hippocampal Excitatory Synapses in Microglia Knockout IL-10 Mice

Huo¹,

Ren²,

Ma³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Members of the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) protein family are widely distributed in the hippocampus of mammals and exert respective and cooperative influences on the functions of neurons. The relationship between specific TRPC subtypes and neuroinflammation is receiving increasing attention. Here, using Cx3cr1CreER IL-10−/−transgenic mice and their littermates, we demonstrated that Cx3cr1CreER IL-10−/− mice displayed spatial memory deficits in object location recognition (OLR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. The decreased levels of TRPC4 and TRPC5 in the hippocampal regions were verified via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence tests. The expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin in the hippocampus decreased with an imbalance in the local inflammatory environment in the hippocampus. The number of cells positive for ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), increased with the high expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in Cx3cr1CreER IL-10−/− mice. The nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was also involved in this process, and the cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 activated by NLRP3 were also elevated by western blotting. The colocalization of TRPC5 and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) significantly decreased TRPC5 expression in excitatory neurons. AAV9-CaMKIIα-TRPC5 was used to upregulate TRPC5 in excitatory neurons in the hippocampus. The results showed that the upregulation of TRPC5 improved the memory performance of Cx3cr1CreER IL-10−/− mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-associated inflammatory activity.

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“…On the other hand, many studies have shown that exposure to LPS can cause symptoms of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's, which can be a late symptom in COVID-19 patients. This may be a bridge between bacterial LPS that can be released as a result of antibiotic treatments and the death of Gram-negative bacteria in the body and contribute to the formation and deterioration of cytokine storms [33,34].…”

Section: Microbial Translocation: Mechanism Immunity Physiology Of Emerging Diseases and Probable Probiotic Supportive Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

Meconium microbial toxins and microbiota: A novel and non-invasive proposed diagnostic sample to anticipate the severity of neonates COVID-19

et al. 2021

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The novel coronavirus, termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) is a major public health challenge all over the world and is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 . Since December2019 the outbreak of COVID-19 has become a major epidemic issue all over world. In this pandemic, preterm and term neonates with infected mothers are becoming more vulnerable each day. Although we mostly witness asymptomatic neonates, getting symptomatic may not be a rarity in the future. After entrance of COVID-19 into the body it could affect the balance of microbiota combination which can result in microbiota dysbiosis and eventually leads to immune imbalance. Intrauterine microbiome dysbiosis in COVID-19 positive mothers and transmission of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may restructure the environment of the developing fetus with possible short/long-term impact on the individual's health and disease. Therefore, assessing the changes in microbiome of neonates from infected mothers via exploring meconium could be valuable. It is also logical to measure LPS level and balanced its levels by using prebiotics and probiotics as a supplemental therapeutic procedure to prevent medical challenges in future. The aim of this essay is to review the potential conception that detection of COVID-19 and the meconium microbiota and LPS quantity could be used as a source of prognostic information about the COVID-19 severity in the fetus of pregnant women with COVID-19.

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Enriched environment effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced spatial learning, memory impairment and hippocampal inflammatory cytokine levels in male rats

Cited by 34 publications

References 57 publications

Environmental Enrichment Protects Against Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits by Enhancing the Synthesis and Release of Vasopressin in the Supraoptic Nucleus

Environmental Enrichment Protects Against Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits by Enhancing the Synthesis and Release of Vasopressin in the Supraoptic Nucleus

Memory Impairment Related to NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and TRPC5 Decrease in Hippocampal Excitatory Synapses in Microglia Knockout IL-10 Mice

Meconium microbial toxins and microbiota: A novel and non-invasive proposed diagnostic sample to anticipate the severity of neonates COVID-19

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