Enriched mechanical, thermal, and blood compatibility of single stage electrospun polyurethane nickel oxide nanocomposite for cardiac tissue engineering

Abstract

Electrospinning is a versatile technique for producing nanocomposite in biomedical applications. In this study, polyurethane (PU) cardiac patch loaded with nickel oxide (NiO) was fabricated using electrospinning technique. The morphology study revealed that the PU/NiO nanocomposites exhibited reduced fiber diameter (758 AE 157.10 nm) and pore diameter (868 AE 73.26 nm) compared to the pristine PU (fiber diameter 890 AE 116.91 nm and pore diameter 1064 AE 74.31 nm). The contact angle study indicated the decreased wettability behavior of the electrospun nanocomposite (106 AE 0.58 ) than the pure PU (100 AE 0.58 ). The incorporation of NiO into PU improved the mechanical strength (15.25 MPa) and surface roughness (448 nm) of the pristine PU (tensile strength 7.12 MPa and surface roughness 313 nm). The developed PU/NiO nanocomposites showed delayed blood clotting time and low hemolytic percentage as revealed in the coagulation studies insinuating the improved anticoagulant nature compared to the pristine PU. Moreover, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assay demonstrated the nontoxic behavior of fibroblast cells in the developed nanocomposite (135 AE 1%) than the pristine PU (133.33 AE 8.96%). The newly developed nanocomposite patch rendered better physicochemical, improved blood compatibility, and nontoxic to the fibroblast cells. Hence, the electrospun PU/NiO nanocomposite might serve as a plausible scaffold for the cardiac tissue engineering.

Engineered Electrospun Polyurethane Composite Patch Combined with Bi-functional Components Rendering High Strength for Cardiac Tissue Engineering

“…Jaganathan et al electrospun polyurethane scaffold added with nickel oxide. The addition of nickel oxide resulted in the enhancement of the surface roughness which correlates with our findings [33]. Parizek et al studied the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in the surface modified polyethylene.…”

“…Hence, the fabricated nanocomposites showed highly hydrophobic than the pristine PU. The influence of surface wettability (hydrophobic or hydrophilic) on the cell adhesion and proliferation was equivocal [31,32,33]. It was reported that the surfaces with moderate hydrophilicity would exhibit better cell adherence and proliferation [31,32].…”

“…It was reported that the surfaces with moderate hydrophilicity would exhibit better cell adherence and proliferation [31,32]. On the contrary, Jaganathan et al [33] fabricated polyurethane scaffold added with nickel oxide for the cardiac tissue engineering. It was observed that the addition of nickel oxide increased the contact angle of the Pristine PU which resembles our findings.…”

Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Manufacturing, Properties, and Applications

“…When observed under SEM, PU/NiO nano-composite showed a reduction in the diameter of fibers and pores by 14% and 18%, respectively, compared to pure PU. Delayed blood clotting and a lower percentage of hemolytic revealed an improved antithrombogenic nature of PU/NiO nanocomposite, which plays a vital role in the repair of cardiac damage [246].…”

Metal‐based nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering

“…Nickel had previously been thought to be dangerous to human health; nevertheless, it was found to be present in serum at about 0.2 μg/L in normal individuals. The toxicity of nickel showed to be dose‐dependent, and now, it has been added to the list of possible materials that could be used for tissue engineering, especially for bone (Jaganathan & Mani, 2019). Nickel alloy has some advantages in comparison to traditional scaffold materials.…”