Enrichment of Food With Tannin Extracts Promotes Healthy Changes in the Human Gut Microbiota

Molino, Silvia; Lerma-Aguilera, Alberto; Jiménez‐Hernández, Nuria; Gosalbes, María José; Rufián-Henares, José Ángel; Francino, M. Pilar

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.625782

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Similarly, Liu et al [ 104 ] investigated the use of chestnut wood extract as an alternative feed additive in the broiler diet and demonstrated increases in antioxidant status, cholesterol metabolism, and growth performance without affecting normal meat quality. Molino et al [ 105 ] also exhibited that chestnut wood positively modulated the gut microbiota using an in vitro digestion-fermentation assay.…”

Section: The Main Fruit Trees In Europe: Bioactive Compounds From Woo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood Waste from Fruit Trees: Biomolecules and Their Applications in Agri-Food Industry

et al. 2022

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In the European Union (EU), a total of 11,301,345 hectares are dedicated to the cultivation of fruit trees, mainly olive orchards, grapevines, nut trees (almond, walnut, chestnut, hazelnut, and pistachio), apple and pear trees, stone fruit trees (peach, nectarine, apricot, cherry, and plum), and citrus fruit trees (orange, clementine, satsuma, mandarin, lemon, grapefruit, and pomelo). Pruning these trees, together with plantation removal to a lesser extent, produces a huge amount of wood waste. A theoretical calculation of the wood waste in the European Union estimates approximately 2 and 25 million tons from wood plantation removal and pruning, respectively, per year. This wood waste is usually destroyed by in-field burning or crushing into the soil, which result in no direct economic benefits. However, wood from tree pruning, which is enriched in high added-value molecules, offers a wide spectrum of possibilities for its valorization. This review focuses on the contribution of wood waste to both sustainability and the circular economy, considering its use not only as biomass but also as a potential source of bioactive compounds. The main bioactive compounds found in wood are polyphenols, terpenes, polysaccharides, organic compounds, fatty acids, and alkaloids. Polyphenols are the most ubiquitous compounds in wood. Large amounts of hydroxytyrosol (up to 25 g/kg dw), resveratrol (up to 66 g/kg dw), protocatechuic acid (up to 16.4 g/kg), and proanthocyanins (8.5 g/kg dw) have been found in the wood from olive trees, grapevines, almond trees and plum trees, respectively. The bioactivity of these compounds has been demonstrated at lower concentrations, mainly in vitro studies. Bioactive compounds present antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, biostimulant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anticarcinogenic properties, among others. Therefore, wood extracts might have several applications in agriculture, medicine, and the food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetics industries. For example, olive tree wood extract reduced thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in vitro; grapevine tree wood extract acts a preservative in wine, replacing SO2; chestnut tree wood extract has antifungal properties on postharvest pathogens in vitro; and stone tree wood extracts are used for aging both wines and brandies. Moreover, the use of wood waste contributes to the move towards both a more sustainable development and a circular economy.

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Section: The Main Fruit Trees In Europe: Bioactive Compounds From Woo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood Waste from Fruit Trees: Biomolecules and Their Applications in Agri-Food Industry

et al. 2022

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“…[ 28,29,34,[43][44][45][46] To assay the effect of sample processing on gastrointestinal digestion and fermentation, gut microbiota, and their metabolites.…”

Section: Main Objective Study Subject Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the collection, an individual faecal sample or faecal pool is mixed with a solution (e.g., phosphate buffered saline or sodium chloride) to obtain a faecal suspension or faecal slurry (e.g., 10% w/v or 20% w/v). Then, the suspension is manually homogenised or is homogenised using a stomacher [31,36,43,56,69]. In addition to the previous homogenisation stage, some protocols include filtering [27,30,54], or centrifugation steps [37,65,80] so that the supernatant is used as faecal inoculum in the fermentation process.…”

Section: Faecal Inoculum Collection and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In parallel, other methodologies can be used to target or quantify specific bacteria genera or species or total bacteria, depending on the specificity of the primer used (e.g., qPCR, PCR-DGGE gel or FISH) [26,53,80,102]. When it comes to metabolite analysis, SCFA or BCFA production are typically analysed using gas or liquid chromatography (GC or LC) coupled with either different detectors (e.g., FID or UV) or MS [43,54,56], but when other metabolites, such as phenolic compounds, are being considered in the studies, LC techniques coupled with MS [44,102] or antioxidant tests are commonly used when studying antioxidant capacity [33]. Finally, ammonium, pH, lactic acid, and gas volume measurements are also analysed in most of the studies [36,65,71].…”

Section: Changes In the Microbiota Populations And Their Metabolic Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Simulation of Human Colonic Fermentation: A Practical Approach towards Models’ Design and Analytical Tools

et al. 2021

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The human colonic microbiota plays an important role in the food digestion process and has a key role in maintaining health status. This community of microbes is inter-individually different due to several factors that modulate its composition. Among them, diet is one of the most relevant, which, in turn, is affected by environmental, economic, and cultural considerations. These pieces of evidence have promoted the study of the influence of diet on gut microbiota and the development of in vitro models that simulate the colonic digestion of foods. This narrative review aims to present a technical approach of the in vitro gut models available to evaluate the impact of diet on human colonic microbiota. A description and comments on the main characteristics, parameters, applicability, faecal inoculum preparation, and analytical tools are made. Despite the progress of in vitro colonic digestion models and metaomic applicability in this research field, there are still some challenges to face due to the lack of a consensus on the methodologies to conduct in vitro colonic digestions and the need to integrate the metaomic data to fully understand the influence of food in human colonic microbiota.

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“…In contrast to FMT, long-term diet intervention is a much less invasive intervention that can shape human gut microbiota and influence human health (Wu et al, 2016;Singh et al, 2017). Therefore, many studies focus on discovering links between longterm diets and gut microbiota composition, and examples of recently published studies are Wu et al (2019), Han and Xiao (2020), Tomova et al (2020), and Molino et al (2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bayesian Negative Binomial Hierarchical Model for Identifying Diet–Gut Microbiome Associations

2021

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The human gut microbiota composition plays an important role in human health. Long-term diet intervention may shape human gut microbiome. Therefore, many studies focus on discovering links between long-term diets and gut microbiota composition. This study aimed to incorporate the phylogenetic relationships between the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) into the diet-microbe association analysis, using a Bayesian hierarchical negative binomial (NB) model. We regularized the dispersion parameter of the negative binomial distribution by assuming a mean-dispersion association. A simulation study showed that, if over-dispersion is present in the microbiome data, our approach performed better in terms of mean squared error (MSE) of the slope-estimates compared to the standard NB regression model or a Bayesian hierarchical NB model without including the phylogenetic relationships. Data of the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study showed that for some phylogenetic families the (posterior) variances of the slope-estimates were decreasing when including the phylogenetic relationships into the analyses. In contrast, when OTUs of the same family were not similarly affected by the food item, some bias was introduced, leading to larger (posterior) variances of the slope-estimates. Overall, the Bayesian hierarchical NB model, with a dependency between the mean and dispersion parameters, proved to be a robust method for analyzing diet-microbe associations.

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Enrichment of Food With Tannin Extracts Promotes Healthy Changes in the Human Gut Microbiota

Cited by 40 publications

References 47 publications

Wood Waste from Fruit Trees: Biomolecules and Their Applications in Agri-Food Industry

Wood Waste from Fruit Trees: Biomolecules and Their Applications in Agri-Food Industry

In Vitro Simulation of Human Colonic Fermentation: A Practical Approach towards Models’ Design and Analytical Tools

A Bayesian Negative Binomial Hierarchical Model for Identifying Diet–Gut Microbiome Associations

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