Enrichment of fusobacteria from the rumen that can utilize lysine as an energy source for growth

Russell, James B.

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2005.01.001

Cited by 11 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The high degradability of free lysine at 48 h is in accordance with the results of Russell (2005), although the ammonia released in this assay at 48 h represented only about one-half of the N provided as free lysine. The low degradabilities of HML1 and HML2 suggested that the lysine in HML1 and HML2 was well protected from ruminal degradation; however, the possibility existed (and was subsequently verifi ed) that low ammonia production from HML refl ected an inhibitory effect of the HML products on ruminal microbes such that microbial function was impaired, thereby limiting lysine degradation.…”

Section: In Vitro Degradation Of Free Lysine Hydroxymethyl Lysine 1supporting

confidence: 88%

Hydroxymethyl lysine is a source of bioavailable lysine for ruminants1

Elwakeel

Titgemeyer

Faris

et al. 2012

Journal of Animal Science

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Experiments were conducted to evaluate the availability to ruminants of lysine from hydroxymethyl lysine, a product potentially resistant to ruminal degradation yet able to release free lysine when subjected to the acidic environment of the abomasum. An in vitro ruminal fermentation assay that led to ammonia production from free lysine was used for initial assessments, but the hydroxymethyl lysine was inhibitory to lysine degradation at the concentrations tested in vitro; therefore, an in vivo assay with sheep, using plasma lysine concentrations as the response criterion, was used for assessment. twelve mature sheep were fed graded amounts of lysine from either a commercially available ruminally protected lysine product with known availability or from hydroxymethyl lysine. the protected lysine product provided 3 or 6 g/d of metabolizable lysine, whereas the hydroxymethyl lysine provided 3 or 6 g/d of total lysine. Plasma lysine concentrations increased linearly in response to both the ruminally protected lysine product and hydroxymethyl lysine. by slope ratio analysis, the bioavailability of lysine in hydroxymethyl lysine was estimated to be 94% of that for the commercially available product. We concluded that hydroxymethyl lysine may be used as an effective means of supplementing lysine to ruminants.

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Section: In Vitro Degradation Of Free Lysine Hydroxymethyl Lysine 1supporting

confidence: 88%

Hydroxymethyl lysine is a source of bioavailable lysine for ruminants1

Elwakeel

Titgemeyer

Faris

et al. 2012

Journal of Animal Science

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“…The idea that biochemical diversity within the HAB group was greater than initially thought was emphasized by the presence of significant populations of HABs in pasture-grazed New Zealand ruminants [ 12 ]. This idea was further supported by the work of Russell [ 14 ], who demonstrated that Fusobacterium necrophorum , a Gram-negative, nonmotile, and rod-shaped bacterium, degraded lysine with a very high rate of deamination (2,400 nmol NH 3 mg protein −1 min −1 ). F. necrophorum was characterized as a carbohydrate-fermenting HAB that could produce acetic acid, butyric acid, and ammonia from the fermentation of lysine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens , Prevotella ruminicola , Eubacterium ruminantium ). However, these carbohydrate-fermenting species cannot fully explain the deamination rates of mixed ruminal bacterial cultures [ 14 , 15 , 17 ]. Within the last 25 years, several Gram-positive and monensin-sensitive bacteria with high specific activity for ammonia production have been isolated from ruminants [ 10 - 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and genetic diversity of carbohydrate-fermenting and obligate amino acid-fermenting hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria from Nellore steers fed tropical forages and supplemented with casein

et al. 2015

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BackgroundDietary protein plays a major role in ruminant nutrition, and protein supplementation is a widespread practice among farmers in the tropics. Ruminal bacteria are the main agents of dietary protein and amino acid degradation, yet few studies have focused on the isolation and characterization of hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria in animals fed tropical diets or supplemented with rumen-degradable proteins. This work investigated the bacterial community diversity of the rumen of Nellore steers fed tropical forages, with or without casein supplementation. We also isolated and characterized ruminal bacteria showing high levels of ammonia production.ResultsPolymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis indicated no differences in the ruminal bacterial community composition between the control and supplemented animals. Amino acid-fermenting bacteria (n = 250) were isolated from crossbred Nellore steers fed Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) using trypticase as the sole carbon and organic nitrogen source in the enrichment and isolation media. The deamination rates in isolates obtained from steers supplemented with casein showed a higher incidence of deamination rates >350 nmol NH3 mg protein−1 min−1 (P < 0.05), whereas isolates obtained from steers without supplementation showed deamination rates <200 nmol NH3 mg protein−1 min−1. Although most isolates (84%) could ferment carbohydrates, none could hydrolyze proteins or use urea to sustain growth. All isolates were sensitive to lasalocid and monensin (1 μmol l−1), and similarity analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences indicated a predominance of bacteria from the order Clostridiales, with variable homology (73–99%) to known bacterial species.ConclusionsThese results expand what is known about the biochemical and genetic diversity of hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria, and emphasize the role of carbohydrate-fermenting bacteria in ammonia production in the rumen.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0369-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The New Zealand workers isolated an amino acid degrading fusobacterium (strain D1) that was closely related to strains of Fusobacterium necrophorum (Attwood et al, 1998). Fusobacteria capable of utilizing lysine as an energy source for growth were enriched from cattle fed timothy hay or a commercial dairy ration, and 16S rRNA indicated that these isolates were closely related to strain D1 (Russell, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting lysine degradation by ruminal fusobacteria

Russell

2006

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Fusobacterium necrophorum can readily be enriched from the rumen with lysine, and its deamination rate is very rapid. The addition of F. necrophorum JB2 to mixed ruminal bacteria significantly increased lysine degradation, but only if the ratio of ruminal fluid to basal medium was less than 25%. If more ruminal fluid (pH 6.1) was added, ammonia production decreased by as much as 80%. Clarified, autoclaved ruminal fluid was also inhibitory. When F. necrophorum JB2 was grown in a lysine-limited continuous culture (0.1 h(-1) dilution rate) and pH was decreased using HCl, optical density decreased linearly, and the culture washed out at pH 5.6. Batch cultures of F. necrophorum JB2 deaminated as much lysine at pH 6.1 as at pH 6.6, but only if fermentation acids were not present. Sodium acetate (100 mM) had little effect at pH 6.6, but the same concentration inhibited ammonia production by 80% at pH 6.1. The idea that fermentation acids could prevent the enrichment of fusobacteria in vivo was supported by the observation that dietary lysine supplementation did not enhance the lysine deamination rate of the mixed ruminal bacteria.

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Enrichment of fusobacteria from the rumen that can utilize lysine as an energy source for growth

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Hydroxymethyl lysine is a source of bioavailable lysine for ruminants1

Hydroxymethyl lysine is a source of bioavailable lysine for ruminants1

Biochemical and genetic diversity of carbohydrate-fermenting and obligate amino acid-fermenting hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria from Nellore steers fed tropical forages and supplemented with casein

Factors affecting lysine degradation by ruminal fusobacteria

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