Enrichment of serum biomarkers by magnetic metal-organic framework composites

Abstract

Highly efficient extraction of peptides from serum is critical for finding serum biomarkers using mass spectrometry, which still remains a great challenge. Currently, a bottom-up proteomics approach has been applied to discover serum biomarkers. However, the approach was labor intensive, time and cost consuming, and cannot meet the requirements for clinical application. In this work, FeO/C@MIL-100 composites were synthesized to efficiently capture peptides from microwave-assisted formic acid digests of BSA and human serum prior to MALDI-TOF MS analysis. FeO/C@MIL-100 composites exhibited size-selective adsorption performance, thus providing a rapid and convenient approach to enrich low-abundance peptides. Notably, the peptides' mass fingerprinting of serum digestions between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy persons were distinguishable, which indicated the potential ability of this technique for T2DM diagnosis and rapid biomarker discovery. Graphical Abstract Efficient extraction and identification of serum biomarkers using FeO/C@MIL-100 composites from acid hydrolysate.

Applications of magnetic and electromagnetic forces in micro-analytical systems

“…The analytes are adsorbed in the pores due to hydrophobic interactions, π-π stacking with aromatic rings in ligands, hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, dipole-dipole interactions, and Lewis acid-base interactions with uncoordinated sites of linking metals. Hence, MOFs can have excellent molecular selectivity and absorption capacity, and their combination with MNP enables the separation and enrichment of lowabundant species, such as toxic metal ions in water, [119][120][121][122] peptides in body fluids, 123,124 and dyes from contaminated water. 125,126 Recently, the enrichment of exosomes, 127 which is promising as a biomarker for cancer, in a urine sample was performed with a Zr-MOF-functionalized MNP.…”

Metal−Organic Frameworks for Liquid Phase Applications

“…Microperoxidase-11 Tb-mesoMOF [ 478] Hem protein cytochrome c Tb-mesoMOF [ 479] GFPs, RFPs Hairy Cu-MOF [ 480] HeLa (human cervical cancer) cells DNA-UiO66 conjugate [ 481] Cytochrome c MN 3 (NDC) 3 DMF 4 [ 482] Cytochrome c ZIF-8 [ 483] 3D DNA M 6 L 4 sphere framework [ 484] Ferritin, glucose oxidase HKUST-1 film [ 485] HRP, cytochrome c, MP-11 PCN-333(Al) [ 486] Myoglobin, green fluorescent protein IRMOF-74 [ 487] Catalase ZIF-90 Glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase ZIF-8 [ 491] Urease ZIF-8 [ 492] Phospholipid bilayers Zr-NMOFs [ 493] Catalase ZIF-90 and ZIF-8 [ 494] -chymotrypsin Cu(bpy)2(OTf) 2 [ 495] Circulating tumor cells ZnMOF-COOH [ 496] Diphenylalanine Cu 2 L 2 ted [ 497] Diphenylalanine N 3 -bio-MOF-100 [ 498] HIV DNA, thrombin Cu(H 2 dtoa) [ 499] Cytochrome c peroxidase CuBDC [ 496] Lipase PS COF-OMe, PCN-128y [ 500] Bovine serum albumin PVP coated ZIF-8 NPs [ 501] Protein biomarkers in urine, serum, plasma, and blood ZIF-8 [ 502] Fatty acids MIL-101 and ZIF-8 [ 503] Enzyme ZIF-8 [ 504] Biomolecule separation Glycopeptides cross-linked CD-MOFs (LCD-MOFs) [ 511] Histidine-rich proteins, hemoglobin from a protein mixture and human blood samples Glycopeptides MG@Zn-MOFs [ 517] 33 glycopeptides MIL-101(Cr)-maltose [ 518] Angiotensin II (peptide) and BSA (protein) MGMOF [ 519] Human serum digest peptides Fe 3 O 4 /C@MIL-100(Fe) [ 520] BSA tryptic digest Fe 3 O 4 @PDA@ZIF-8 [ 521] Glycopeptides MIL-101(NH 2 )@Au-Cys Phosphopeptides of -casein DZMOF [526] Phosphopeptides from tilapia eggs Fe 3 O 4 /MIL-101(Fe) [527] Phosphopeptides in a tryptic digest of -casein MIL-101(Cr)-UR2 …”

“…Endogenous peptides in human serum Fe 3 O 4 @MIL-100(Fe) [ 508] 𝛽-casein and 𝛼-casein Fe 3 O 4 @PDA@Zr-MOF [ 509] Glycopeptides MIL-101(Cr)-NH 2 [ 510] Glycopeptides cross-linked CD-MOFs (LCD-MOFs) [ 511] Histidine-rich proteins, hemoglobin from a protein mixture and human blood samples Fe 3 O 4 @ZIF-8 [ 512] BSA tryptic digests Fe 3 O 4 -COOH@MIL-101 [ 513] Phosphopeptides UiO-66, UIO-67 [ 514] Phosphopeptides Fe 3 O 4 @MIL-100(Fe) [ 515] Phosphopeptides Fe 3 O 4 @PDA@Er(btc) [ 516] Glycopeptides MG@Zn-MOFs [ 517] 33 glycopeptides MIL-101(Cr)-maltose [ 518] Angiotensin II (peptide) and BSA (protein) MGMOF [ 519] Human serum digest peptides Fe 3 O 4 /C@MIL-100(Fe) [ 520] BSA tryptic digest Fe 3 O 4 @PDA@ZIF-8 [ 521] Glycopeptides MIL-101(NH 2 )@Au-Cys [ 522] N-glycopeptides MIL-101(Cr)-NH 2 @PAMAM [ 523] (Continued) N-linked glycopeptides Fe 3 O 4 @PDA@Zr-SO 3 H…”