Enrichment of the amnion with threonine in chicken embryos affects the small intestine development, ileal gene expression and performance of broilers between 1 and 21 days of age

Filho, Alexandre Lemos de Barros Moreira; Ferket, P. R.; Malheiros, Ramon D.; Oliveira, Celso José Bruno de; Aristimunha, P. C.; Wilsmann, Daiane Elisa; Givisiez, Patrícia Emília Naves

doi:10.3382/ps/pey461

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The nutrition in eggs is the only nutrient source for the development of chicken embryos. Nutrition deficiency eventually occurs at the last phase of incubation ( Filho et al., 2019 ), which may restrict embryonic growth and reduce the hatchability of chicken eggs ( Shafey et al., 2012 ). During the development of avian embryos, the yolk is the first primary nutrition source and the sole energy supply ( Romanoff, 1960 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, IOF of Arg increased the weight of jejunum and lipase activity in the jejunum of 7-day-age broilers, and the ADG of chickens from Arg in ovo group was significantly increased during days 1–21 ( Gao et al., 2017b ). In ovo supplementation with Thr positively affects VH, CD, and VH/CD in the jejunum of broilers at hatch and improves the growth performance of chickens during days 1–7, 7–14, and 1–21 ( Filho et al., 2019 ). In the present study, although IOF of NAG did not affect the length of the intestine, it positively affected intestinal morphology, the density of goblet cells, and mRNA expression level of the nutrient transporters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In ovo feeding of arginine (Arg) increases the villus height ( VH ) and decreases the crypt depth ( CD ) in duodenum of broiler embryos and post-hatch hatchlings ( Gao et al., 2017c ), and IOF of methionine increases VH, width, area, enterocyte height, and goblet cell density of embryos ( Nazem et al., 2017 ). In addition, in ovo supplementation with threonine improves growth performance of chickens by accelerating the morphological and functional development of the intestinal mucosa ( Filho et al., 2019 ). Thus, IOF of AAs may be an effective way to improve intestinal development of broiler embryos and hatchlings ( Al-Murrani, 1982 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of in ovo feeding of N-acetyl-L-glutamate on early intestinal development and growth performance in broiler chickens

et al. 2020

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The present study determined the effects of in ovo feeding ( IOF ) of N -acetyl- L -glutamate ( NAG ) on early intestinal development and growth performance of broilers. A total of 702 fertile broiler eggs were randomly divided into 3 treatments: 1) non-punctured control group, 2) saline-injected control group, and 3) NAG solution–injected group (1.5 mg/egg). At 17.5 D of incubation, 300 μL of each solution was injected into each egg of injected groups. Results indicated that the hatchability and healthy chicken rate were not affected by NAG injection ( P > 0.05). Chicks from NAG solution–injected group had significantly decreased average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio during 1–14 D than those in the non-punctured control group ( P < 0.05). Compared with the non-punctured control group, IOF of NAG significantly increased the density of goblet cells in jejunum at hatch, duodenum at 7 D, and ileum at 14 D; decreased crypt depth in jejunum at hatch; and increased villus height in duodenum and jejunum and villus height:crypt depth ratio in duodenum at 7 D ( P < 0.05). The intestinal mRNA expression of Na + -dependent neutral amino acid transporter, peptide transporter, and excitatory amino acid transporter 3 did not differ between groups at 7 or 14 D. However, the mRNA expression level of rBAT in jejunum significantly increased in the NAG solution–injected group than in the non-punctured control group at 7 D ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, IOF of NAG (1.5 mg/egg) accelerated the early intestinal development by enhancing intestinal immune and absorption function, thereby positively affecting the feed efficiency for the first 2 wk post-hatch.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of in ovo feeding of N-acetyl-L-glutamate on early intestinal development and growth performance in broiler chickens

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, it has been shown that dietary restriction can lead to regression in mucosal development ( Uni et al., 1998 ) while MUC2 mRNA expression is reduced in intestine of germ-free birds ( Cheled-Shoval et al., 2014 ) suggesting a role of the bacterial population in mucus development. Because of the undeveloped gut barrier and immune system immediately after hatch, presence of mucus is important for gut protection during the first hours post-hatch ( Moreira Filho et al., 2019 ) and it has been suggested that enhancement of mucin secretion in young chickens during the development of the gut mucosal barrier could be beneficial in preventing the invasion of pathogenic bacteria and toxins ( Murai et al., 2018 ). Lack of feed for the first 48 h seems to have a deteriorating effect on the chicks' ability to protect itself from pathogenic bacteria and toxins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of delayed feeding post-hatch on expression of tight junction– and gut barrier–related genes in the small intestine of broiler chickens during neonatal development

et al. 2020

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The gut not only plays a key role in digestion and absorption of nutrients but also forms a physical barrier and first line of defense between the host and the luminal environment. A functional gut barrier (mucus and epithelial cells with tight junctions [ TJ ]) is essential for optimal health and efficient production in poultry. In current broiler system, chicks are deprived of food and water up to 72 h due to uneven hatching, hatchery procedures, and transportation. Post-hatch feed delay results in lower BW, higher FCR and mortality, and delayed post-hatch gut development. Little is known about the effects of early neonatal development and delayed feeding immediately post-hatch on gut barrier function in chickens. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize the expression pattern of gut barrier–related and TJ-related genes in the small intestine of broiler chickens during early development and delay in access to feed. Newly hatched chicks received feed and water immediately after hatch or were subjected to 48 h delayed access to feed to mimic commercial hatchery setting and operations. Birds were sampled (n = 6) at −48, 0, 4, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144, 192, 240, 288, and 336 h post-hatch. Jejunum and ileum were collected, cleaned of digesta, and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen or fixed in paraformaldehyde. The relative mRNA levels of gut barrier- and TJ-related protein genes were measured by quantitative PCR and analyzed by 2-way ANOVA. In both tissues, changes ( P < 0.05) in gene expression pattern of gut barrier–related and TJ-related genes were detected due to delayed access to feed post-hatch and/or development. In general, expression of TJ-related genes was downregulated while mRNA levels of gut barrier-related genes were upregulated during development. Histological differences and changes in mucin staining due to age and treatment were observed. These results suggest that delayed access to feed post-hatch may affect TJ structure and/or function and therefore gut barrier function and overall health of the chicken small intestine.

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“…This information will likely be beneficial in developing more targeted strategies to improve the metabolic transition and thus growth and development of poultry. For example, a rapidly growing field of interest in the poultry industry is the enhancement of neonatal chick development by administering nutrients in ovo [35,36,37,38]. It has been established that newly hatched chicks have an under-developed digestive system and cannot process feed as efficiently as older birds [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Feeding Alters Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Hepatic Metabolic Pathways in Peri-Hatch Broiler Chicks

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et al. 2019

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Hepatic fatty acid oxidation of yolk lipoproteins provides the main energy source for chick embryos. Post-hatching these yolk lipids are rapidly exhausted and metabolism switches to a carbohydrate-based energy source. We recently demonstrated that many microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of hepatic metabolic pathways during this metabolic switching. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in most eukaryotes. To further elucidate the roles of miRNAs in the metabolic switch, we used delayed feeding for 48 h to impede the hepatic metabolic switch. We found that hepatic expression of several miRNAs including miR-33, miR-20b, miR-34a, and miR-454 was affected by delaying feed consumption for 48 h. For example, we found that delayed feeding resulted in increased miR-20b expression and conversely reduced expression of its target FADS1, an enzyme involved in fatty acid synthesis. Interestingly, the expression of a previously identified miR-20b regulator FOXO3 was also higher in delayed fed chicks. FOXO3 also functions in protection of cells from oxidative stress. Delayed fed chicks also had much higher levels of plasma ketone bodies than their normal fed counterparts. This suggests that delayed fed chicks rely almost exclusively on lipid oxidation for energy production and are likely under higher oxidative stress. Thus, it is possible that FOXO3 may function to both limit lipogenesis as well as to help protect against oxidative stress in peri-hatch chicks until the initiation of feed consumption. This is further supported by evidence that the FOXO3-regulated histone deacetylase (HDAC2) was found to recognize the FASN (involved in fatty acid synthesis) chicken promoter in a yeast one-hybrid assay. Expression of FASN mRNA was lower in delayed fed chicks until feed consumption. The present study demonstrated that many transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, including miRNA, form a complex interconnected regulatory network that is involved in controlling lipid and glucose molecular pathways during the metabolic transition in peri-hatch chicks.

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Enrichment of the amnion with threonine in chicken embryos affects the small intestine development, ileal gene expression and performance of broilers between 1 and 21 days of age

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of in ovo feeding of N-acetyl-L-glutamate on early intestinal development and growth performance in broiler chickens

Effects of in ovo feeding of N-acetyl-L-glutamate on early intestinal development and growth performance in broiler chickens

Effect of delayed feeding post-hatch on expression of tight junction– and gut barrier–related genes in the small intestine of broiler chickens during neonatal development

Delayed Feeding Alters Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Hepatic Metabolic Pathways in Peri-Hatch Broiler Chicks

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