Enrofloxacin is able to control Toxoplasma gondii infection in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models

Barbosa, Bellisa Freitas; Gomes, A. da S.; Ferro, Eloísa Amália Vieira; Napolitano, Danielle R.; Mineo, José Roberto; Silva, Neide Maria

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.12.039

Cited by 64 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Next, the cells were treated with sulfadiazine (Sigma), enrofloxacin (Bayer Healthcare, São Paulo, SP, Brazil), or toltrazuril (Bayer Healthcare) for an additional 24 h in RPMI 1640 medium containing 5% FBS as follows: 1.56, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 μg/mL (Barbosa et al, 2012). At the same time, BeWo cells were also treated with pyrimethamine (Sigma) for 24 h, as follows: 0.0624, 0.125, 0.250, 0.500, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, or 20 μg/mL in RPMI 1640 medium with 5% FBS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The round glass slides with adherent cells were washed with sterile PBS, fixed with formaldehyde 10% for 24 h and stained with 1% toluidine blue for 10 s (Barbosa et al, 2008). Next, the cells were counted under a light microscope (BX40, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) in order to determine the infection index (number of infected cell per 200 examined cells) and T. gondii intracellular proliferation (total number of tachyzoites per 200 examined cells; Barbosa et al, 2012). Three independent experiments of six replicates were performed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, Artemisia annua infusion treatment was able to decrease the mortality of C57BL/6 mice infected with T. gondii RH or ME49 strains (de Oliveira et al, 2009) and reduced the vertical transmission of the T. gondii ME49 strain in Calomys callosus rodents (Costa et al, 2009). Finally, previous studies have demonstrated the effect of enrofloxacin against protozoan parasites, including T. gondii and Neospora caninum (Gottstein et al, 2005; Delespaux et al, 2010; Barbosa et al, 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Enrofloxacin was able to control the infection by N. caninum in the brain of pregnant females from the C57/BL6 lineage (Gottstein et al, 2005). In addition, our previous study demonstrated that enrofloxacin was more efficient for the control of the invasion and replication of T. gondii in human fibroblast cells (HFF line) compared to sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine (Barbosa et al, 2012). Furthermore, enrofloxacin was able to reduce the number of parasites and immunopathology in the brain of C. callosus infected by T. gondii (Barbosa et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluoroquinolones are known to inhibit DNA replication from bacteria, since the target is the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV (Collin et al, 2011; Martins-Duarte et al, 2015). Moreover, many studies demonstrated the effect of enrofloxacin against infections caused by parasite protozoans, although the target of this drug in these protozoans is still unknown (Gottstein et al, 2005; Barbosa et al, 2012). Enrofloxacin was able to control the infection by N. caninum in the brain of pregnant females from the C57/BL6 lineage (Gottstein et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enrofloxacin and Toltrazuril Are Able to Reduce Toxoplasma gondii Growth in Human BeWo Trophoblastic Cells and Villous Explants from Human Third Trimester Pregnancy

Silva

Gomes

Franco

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Classical treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis is based on combination of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine plus folinic acid. Due to teratogenic effects and bone marrow suppression caused by pyrimethamine, the establishment of new therapeutic strategies is indispensable to minimize the side effects and improve the control of infection. Previous studies demonstrated that enrofloxacin and toltrazuril reduced the incidence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of enrofloxacin and toltrazuril in the control of T. gondii infection in human trophoblast cells (BeWo line) and in human villous explants from the third trimester. BeWo cells and villous were treated with several concentrations of enrofloxacin, toltrazuril, sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine, or combination of sulfadiazine+pyrimethamine, and the cellular or tissue viability was verified. Next, BeWo cells were infected by T. gondii (2F1 clone or the ME49 strain), whereas villous samples were only infected by the 2F1 clone. Then, infected cells and villous were treated with all antibiotics and the T. gondii intracellular proliferation as well as the cytokine production were analyzed. Finally, we evaluated the direct effect of enrofloxacin and toltrazuril in tachyzoites to verify possible changes in parasite structure. Enrofloxacin and toltrazuril did not decrease the viability of cells and villous in lower concentrations. Both drugs were able to significantly reduce the parasite intracellular proliferation in BeWo cells and villous explants when compared to untreated conditions. Regardless of the T. gondii strain, BeWo cells infected and treated with enrofloxacin or toltrazuril induced high levels of IL-6 and MIF. In villous explants, enrofloxacin induced high MIF production. Finally, the drugs increased the number of unviable parasites and triggered damage to tachyzoite structure. Taken together, it can be concluded that enrofloxacin and toltrazuril are able to control T. gondii infection in BeWo cells and villous explants, probably by a direct action on the host cells and parasites, which leads to modifications of cytokine release and tachyzoite structure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Enrofloxacin and Toltrazuril Are Able to Reduce Toxoplasma gondii Growth in Human BeWo Trophoblastic Cells and Villous Explants from Human Third Trimester Pregnancy

Silva

Gomes

Franco

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Parasitic Diseases

Patterson¹,

and²,

Eberhard³

2014

Biology and Diseases of the Ferret

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Clinical resolution of systemic mycobacterial infection in a cat with a suspected spinal granuloma

Francés

Pradel

Domínguez

et al. 2023

Vet Record Case Reports

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An 8‐year‐old, female, spayed, domestic longhair cat presented with progressive pelvic limb weakness, lethargy and weight loss. Physical examination identified bilateral pelvic limb proprioceptive ataxia, tachypnoea and a subcutaneous nodular lesion on the left flank. Investigations documented a diffuse broncho‐interstitial and nodular pulmonary pattern, pyogranulomatous inflammation in the spleen and an intradural‐extramedullary spinal lesion at the level of L3. Mycobacterium microti was confirmed based on demonstration of organisms on histopathology of the subcutaneous nodule using Ziehl–Neelsen stain together with positive polymerase chain reaction and interferon‐gamma release assay results. Therapy with rifampicin, azithromycin and pradofloxacin was administered for 7 months. Serial monitoring, including repeated magnetic resonance imaging, demonstrated resolution of the clinical signs, pulmonary, subcutaneous and spinal lesions.

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Enrofloxacin is able to control Toxoplasma gondii infection in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models

Cited by 64 publications

References 33 publications

Enrofloxacin and Toltrazuril Are Able to Reduce Toxoplasma gondii Growth in Human BeWo Trophoblastic Cells and Villous Explants from Human Third Trimester Pregnancy

Enrofloxacin and Toltrazuril Are Able to Reduce Toxoplasma gondii Growth in Human BeWo Trophoblastic Cells and Villous Explants from Human Third Trimester Pregnancy

Parasitic Diseases

Clinical resolution of systemic mycobacterial infection in a cat with a suspected spinal granuloma

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