Enrolment into Birth to Ten (BTT): population and sample characteristics

Richter, Linda; Yach, Derek; Cameron, Noël; Griesel, R.D.; Wet, Thea de

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1995.tb00124.x

Cited by 67 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It was possible to locate four cohort from studies in developing countries, from birth to 12 years of age or more, among them the present study conducted in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, from June 1978 to May 1979 (12), a study conducted in Pelotas, RS, Brazil, with the participation of 6011 liveborns in 1982 (22), a study conducted in Cebu, the Philippines, with the participation of 3080 singleton liveborns from May 1983 to April 1984 (23), and a study conducted in Johannesburg, South Africa, with the participation of 2454 singleton liveborns from April to June 1990 (24). Although some cohort studies reported mortality (5,22), few continued follow-up beyond adolescence (25,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with infant and adolescent mortality

Oliveira

Bettiol

Gutierrez

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Few studies have described factors associated with infant and adolescent mortality since birth. We report here mortality during a 20-year period in a birth cohort from Ribeirão Preto in order to identify birth variables that influenced mortality among infants and children between 10 and 19 years of age, the main causes of death, and the influence of social inequality at birth on death. Mothers were interviewed shortly after delivery. Social, biological and demographic information was collected, and mortality up to 19 years of age was investigated in registry systems. Of the 6748 liveborn singletons born in the municipality from 1978 to 1979, 343 died before or when 19 years of age were completed. Most of the cohort mortality (74.9%) occurred during the first year of life and 19.6% occurred from 10 to 19 years. Mortality was higher among boys. Preterm birth (hazard ratio, HR = 7.94) and low birth weight (HR = 10.15) were strongly associated with infant mortality. Other risk factors for infant mortality were: maternal age ≥35 years (HR = 1.74), unskilled manual occupation of family head (HR = 2.47), and for adolescent mortality: unskilled manual occupation of family head (HR = 9.98) and male sex (HR = 6.58). "Perinatal conditions" were the main causes of deaths among infants and "external causes" among adolescents, especially boys. Socioeconomic factors at birth, represented by occupation, influenced adolescent mortality due to external causes, which was higher among boys (7:1). The influence of social inequality at birth on death, measured by occupation, was greater in adolescence than in infancy.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with infant and adolescent mortality

Oliveira

Bettiol

Gutierrez

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ªBirth to Tenº study group has 4029 participants [12]. A pure longitudinal cohort of black South African children was selected from this group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study group were children aged 7 participating in a longitudinal study (ªBirth to Tenº study) of the health and development of South African children within the Johannesburg conurbation [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between weight gain and beta-cell secretory activity and non-esterified fatty acid production in 7-year-old African children: results from the Birth to Ten study

et al. 2000

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The`thrifty phenotype' hypothesis proposes that fetal under-nutrition leads to fewer beta-cells within the developing pancreas [1]. This may be due either to poor vascularisation or another unknown mechanism whereby the environment defines allometric growth (increase in size of a part of the body related to growth of the whole organism). This is not dysfunctional unless the individual changes behaviour entailing increased nutritional intake or is limited to a particular type of nutrition. The transitions in diet during fetal-neonatal-childhood periods i. e. from high carbohydrate, low fat in utero to high fat, low carbohydrate during breast feeding and high carbohydrate, low fat afterwards, perhaps suggests that fat and carbohydrate are not the key dietary factors involved. Rather, absolute kilojoule or protein intake [2,3] or specific intakes or omissions of protein/amino acids are more likely candidates [4]. The dysfunctional nature of the response becomes overt particularly when the phenotype reaches obesity [5]. Under such conditions the reduced beta-cell complement cannot Diabetologia (2000) 43: 978±985Relation between weight gain and beta-cell secretory activity and non-esterified fatty acid production in 7-year-old African children: results from the Birth to Ten study AbstractAims/hypothesis. This study aimed to assess the effects of fetal and childhood growth on beta-cell activity and insulin sensitivity in 7-year-old children. Methods. Insulin, des-31,32 proinsulin, proinsulin, non-esterified fatty acids and glucose concentrations were measured in oral glucose tolerance tests in 152 South African children for whom longitudinal weight data was available. Results. Children with low weights at birth and 7 years (low±low) had relatively low beta-cell activity whereas children with low birth weight and high weight at 7 years (low±high) had relatively high beta-cell activity. The low±low group had higher 30-min glucose concentrations than children with high birth weights. When each insulin-related peptide was expressed as a percentage of all these peptides the low±low children had the highest percentage of insulin but the lowest of the prohormones. The low±high children had the lowest percentage of insulin but the highest of the prohormones. Non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were lowest and their suppression post-glucose load highest in the low±high group. Conclusion/interpretation. Poor fetal and neonatal growth give rise to low beta-cell numbers compensated for by increased efficiency of proinsulin processing to insulin. Poor fetal followed by higher postnatal growth results in low beta-cell numbers and reduced whole-body glucose uptake which leads to reduced efficiency in the processing of proinsulin. Growth in utero and postnatally therefore have profound effects on beta-cell activity and insulin sensitivity with poor fetal coupled with high postnatal growth being detrimental to these processes but not detrimental to the suppression of lipolysis. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 978±985]

show abstract

“…The ªBirth to Tenº study group contains 4029 participants [9]. A pure longitudinal cohort was selected from this group using the criteria of full-term birth, complete data for birth weight and weight and height at 1 and 5 years of age and black South African ethnicity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between poor glucose tolerance and rapid post natal weight gain in seven-year-old children

et al. 1998

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies in Europe [1], India [3] and America [4] have shown that birth weight and weight at 1 year of age correlate with glucose tolerance. Thus, factors affecting birth weight and infant growth such as fetal and neonatal nutrition, seem to play a part in the aetiology of glucose intolerance and Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.These findings have been used as supportive evidence for the thrifty phenotype' hypothesis [5] which proposes that the fetus selectively apportions nutrients, channelling' them to essential organs such as the brain and heart during times of poor nutrition at the expense of peripheral organs like the pancreas. Poorer pancreatic development with a smaller complement of islet endocrine cells and, possibly, changes in tissue insulin sensitivity means that whilst a person remains in an environment where nutrients are scarce there is no adverse effect. When exposed to conditions of increased nutrition however, the pancreatic beta cell complement is unable to meet the biochemical demands and glucose intolerance and Type II diabetes can result. Those at greatest risk of developing Type II diabetes are those born with low birth weights who develop a high BMI [4].The combination of low birthweight and subsequently high BMI is characteristic of populations undergoing cultural and economic shifts towards first- Diabetologia (1998) Summary A number of studies have shown that glucose tolerance falls with decreasing birth weight and that people with low birth weight and high body mass index (BMI) as adults are those at greatest risk of developing Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. No such studies have been carried out in African populations. Therefore we investigated the relation between glucose tolerance and birth weight in a group of 7-year-old black South Africans for whom longitudinal anthropometric data were available. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were carried out on 152 subjects and inverse correlations were found between birth weight and the total amount of insulin secreted during the first 30 min (r = ±0.19, p = 0.04) and last 90 min (r = ±0.19, p = 0.04) of the oral glucose tolerance test and also between birth weight and the 30 min glucose concentrations (r = ±0.20, p = 0.02). Children born with low birth weights but who had high weights at 7 years had higher insulin concentrations and indices of obesity compared with those with low birth weights and low weights at 7 years. There were also positive correlations between weight velocity and BMI (r = 0.24, p = 0.02) and weight velocity and insulin resistance (r = 0.18, p = 0.04) as measured using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Thus, low birth weight in conjunction with rapid childhood gains in weight especially as subcutaneous fat, produces poor glucose tolerance in 7-year-old children and can make them susceptible to the development of Type II diabetes later in life. [Diabetologia (1998)

show abstract

Enrolment into Birth to Ten (BTT): population and sample characteristics

Cited by 67 publications

References 4 publications

Factors associated with infant and adolescent mortality

Factors associated with infant and adolescent mortality

Relation between weight gain and beta-cell secretory activity and non-esterified fatty acid production in 7-year-old African children: results from the Birth to Ten study

Association between poor glucose tolerance and rapid post natal weight gain in seven-year-old children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About