ENSAYO DE LEGUMINOSAS PARA LA REFORESTACIÓN DE LA 2a SECCIÓN DEL BOSQUE DE CHAPULTEPEC

Abstract

RESUMENLa Segunda Sección del Bosque de Chapultepec es un sitio de preservación ecológica, generación de servicios ambientales y de beneficios recreativos, principalmente, para los habitantes de la Ciudad de México. En los últimos años se ha registrado una declinación y disminución de su cubierta forestal, por lo que es necesario llevar a cabo programas de reforestación que se realicen con las especies apropiadas al sitio. Se realizó un ensayo de seis leguminosas arbóreas con el objetivo de evaluar su supervivencia y tasas de crecimiento en altura y diámetro basal; en el primer rubro, el valor final fue de 100 a 92.59%, en función de la especie, aunque no hubo diferencias significativas entre ellas. La tasa de crecimiento en altura fue mayor y significativamente diferente en Albizzia occidentalis y Senna multiglandulosa, respecto a los otros taxa; mientras que la correspondiente al diámetro resultó superior en S. multiglandulosa, Acacia angustissima y A. occidentalis. En contraste, Leucaena esculenta presentó las cifras más bajas en ambas variables, pero no difirió significativamente de Eysenhardtia polystachya, ni de Lysiloma divaricata. En algunas plantas se registraron daños por vandalismo, así como por el ataque de plagas. A pesar de ello, los resultados permiten afirmar que estas son una buena opción para la reforestación del área de estudio, lo que confirma la importancia de realizar ensayos de especies previos a los programas de reforestación urbana.Palabras clave: Bosque de Chapultepec, Ciudad de México, crecimiento arbóreo, dasonomía urbana, leguminosas arbóreas, reforestación urbana. ABSTRACTThe 2 nd Section of Chapultepec Park is an ecological preservation site and provides ecosystemic services and anthropocentric benefits to the inhabitants of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City. In recent years the tree cover has shown a reduction and decline. This condition must be reverted and reforestation programs can do in a short period of time. A species test of six native leguminous trees was assessed to determine the response to the conditions of the 2 nd section. Survival rates varied among species (100 to 92.5%), but no significant differences were found. On the contrary, height and basal diameter growth rates were significantly different among species and the highest values were registered in Albizzia occidentalis and Senna multiglandulosa. The growth rate in basal diameter was also different among them and S. multiglandulosa, Acacia angustissima and A. occidentalis showed the highest results, in contrast Leucaena esculenta presented the smallest rate in both variables, but did not differ significantly from Eysenhardtia polystachya and Lysiloma divaricata. Evidence of damages caused to plants was registered, mainly due to pest attacks and vandalism, but they did not promote the death of plants. These results showed that the leguminous tree species tested could be a good choice for the reforestation of the 2 nd Section, but also the importance of these kinds of studies to determine the response of tree sp...

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