“…It is also important to note that while the curricula are now open enough to give teachers great freedom in designing their lessons, the extent to which teachers make use of this freedom is not known. Their scope for action is probably influenced much more heavily by history textbooks, which may still be the dominant medium for teaching history (Bernhard, 2018;Van Nieuwenhuyse, Roose, Wils, Depaepe, & Verschaffel, 2017). After all, textbooks offer concrete content that is easy for teachers to access.…”