Ensilage of tropical grasses mixed with legumes and molasses

Tjandraatmadja, M.; Norton, B. W.; Rae, I.C. Mac

doi:10.1007/bf00357569

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Molasses addition increased the residual water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents (12 v. 20 g/kg DM for silages without and with molasses, respectively), and in setaria silages also significantly reduced the NH 3 -N contents of the silages (56 v. 37 g/kg TN for silages without and with molasses, respectively). These effects were consistent with the findings of a previous experiment in laboratory silos (Tjandraatmadja et al 1993). However, as seen from Table 2, silages without molasses were already well preserved.…”

Section: Effects Of Molasses and Legume Addition On Silage Qualitysupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, difficult in the hot, wet conditions in which they grow where anaerobic conditions are maintained, tropical and silages made from tropical species have been forages ensiled at high temperatures (> 30 °C) can produce silages of high lactic acid but low protein content (Tjandraatmadja et al 1991). Tjandraatmadja et al (1993) have also shown that silages made from mature tropical grasses (pangola grass and setaria) were improved by the addition of leaves from the tree legumes Leucaena leucocephala or Gliricidia sepium, producing silages of low pH (3-8-4-4) and ammonia content and high total N (TN) content (> 20 g N/kg DM). The following experiment investigates the effects of inclusion of molasses (as a fermentation aid) and tree legume leaves in silages from two tropical grasses on the nutritive value of these silages for sheep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the inclusion of tropical tree legumes, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala, on the nutritive value of silages prepared from tropical grasses

1993

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S U M M A R YSilages were prepared from the tropical grasses, pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) and setaria (Setaria sphacelata), with the addition of molasses (4% w/w) and/or leaves (33%) from the leguminous trees leucaena {Leucaena leucocephala) and gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium). All forages were grown at the University of Queensland farm in south eastern Queensland during 1985. These silages, together with hays made from these grasses and sorghum silage (13 diets) were fed to sheep to assess their nutritive value. All silages were well preserved, as indicated by low pH (3-5-4-4), low ammonia N (26-57 g/kg total N) and high lactic acid (73-95 % total acids) contents. The addition of legumes increased both the dry matter (DM) and total N (TN) contents of silages to the same extent as the addition of both legumes and molasses at ensiling. Sheep given silages prepared from pangola grass and legumes ( +molasses) consumed similar DM intakes (22-9-25-4 g/kg 075 per day) as sheep given pangola grass hay (23-9 g/kg 0 ' 75 per day). Silage made from pangola grass + molasses was of low palatability (161 g/kg 075 per day). The digestibilities of silage DM (DMD) and its fibrous components were significantly (P < 005) lower (DMD 53-3-60-6%) than that of pangola hay (DMD 64-7%). Silages and hay made from setaria, and sorghum silage, were of lower nutritive value than those from pangola grass. The addition of leucaena and molasses increased silage DM intakes (211 g/kg 0 ' 75 per day) above those for setaria hay and setaria + molasses silage (16-7 and 190 g/kg" 75 per day respectively). The intakes of silages made from gliricidia (171 g/kg 075 per day) were significantly (P < 005) improved when molasses was included at ensiling (21 -8 g/kg 075 per day). The digestibilities of silage DM were significantly (P < 005) higher (DMD 53-6-60-4%) than that of setaria hay (DMD 40-6). Liveweight change in sheep was significantly (P < 005) correlated with intakes of digestible DM (r 2 = 0-74) and with N intake (r 2 = 0-82). The inclusion of legumes in the silages increased N retention and, for setaria silages, also increased rumen ammonia concentration. It was concluded that tropical grasses can be effectively ensiled by the addition of legumes alone and, with the exception of setaria/gliricidia silages, the resultant silages were of sufficiently high quality to merit their use in tropical animal production systems.

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Section: Effects Of Molasses and Legume Addition On Silage Qualitysupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the inclusion of tropical tree legumes, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala, on the nutritive value of silages prepared from tropical grasses

1993

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“…Our results reinforce the benefits that grass silages obtain with the inclusion of gliricidia, such as improvement of the fermentation process, reduction of NDF, and increases in the DM digestibility, reported in previous studies (Tjandraatmadja et al, 1994;Kato et al, 2006;Oduguwa et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, in some regions, particularly in tropical countries, gliricidia has been used during ensiling, and after wilting, because this legume can improve fermentation in silages (Tjandraatmadja et al, 1993a,b;Cabral Jr. et al, 2007). The quality of corn, pangola grass, and setaria silage is improved by the addition of gliricidia (Tjandraatmadja et al, 1994;Kato et al, 2006), presumably leading to superior animal performance (Costa et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacement of aruana grass by gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) on silage quality

et al. 2015

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-Our objective was to investigate the effect of the replacement of aruana grass by gliricidia on the fermentative losses, chemical composition, and aerobic stability of silages. For ensiling, whole-crop aruana grass (75 d of growth) was chopped (275 g kg -1 dry matter -DM) and ensiled alone or associated with gliricidia (270 g kg -1 DM; 150 d of growth). For gliricidia, we used only the leaves and stalks to ensile. The evaluated treatments were different ratios of aruana grass to gliricidia (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100), with four replicates (mini-silos). The silage composed only of gliricidia exhibited a lower pH than the other silages. Dry matter recovery was not affected by the treatments, although effluent losses were affected. The replacement of aruana grass by gliricidia 50% at ensiling resulted in a higher lactic acid bacteria count. The aruana grass silages displayed lower protein contents and a higher neutral detergent fiber content than the gliricidia silages after 40 d of fermentation. Consequently, the silage consisting of 100% gliricidia showed higher in vitro DM digestibility, presenting an increase of 8.13% after 40 d of fermentation compared with 100% of aruana grass silage. After silo opening, the gliricidia silage was very stable (>72 h). The low quality of aruana grass silage is improved by replacing this grass with significant amounts of gliricidia (approximately 75%).

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“…Therefore, the rapid establishment and consequent maintenance of anaerobic conditions throughout ensiling is essential for LAB proliferation. For silages made from temperate grasses, LAB levels of at least 3·9 log cfu g −1 are desirable for a good fermentation process but lower values have been reported as normal in silages from tropical grasses (Tjandraatmadja et al. , 1994a,b; Pedroso et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silage quality whenMoringa oleiferais ensiled in mixtures with Elephant grass, sugar cane and molasses

Mendieta-Araica

Spörndly

Reyes-Sánchez

et al. 2009

Grass and Forage Science

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Fourteen different silages were prepared using mixtures of Moringa (Moringa oleifera), Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv Taiwan) or sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum). Molasses from sugar cane was used in the amounts of either 10 or 50 g kg )1 fresh matter (FM) in treatments without sugar cane. A completely randomized design with three replicates of each treatment was used. The silages were prepared in 1800 mL micro silos and opened after 120 d. The presence of Moringa and Elephant grass in the silage changed the pH by )0AE8 and +0AE7, respectively (P < 0AE001), indicating a favourable effect of Moringa on silage pH. Overall differences were found among treatments for dry matter content, crude protein and acetic acid concentrations, weight loss, CO 2 production and silage pH after spoilage (P < 0AE001). Weight loss was proportionately 0AE034 and 0AE014 in silages with and without sugar cane respectively (P < 0AE001). Overall, differences (P < 0AE05) were also found for neutral-detergent fibre and lactic acid concentrations, lactic acid bacteria counts, clostridial counts and time to spoilage of the silages. Treatments containing Moringa had higher lactic acid concentrations (+16 g kg )1 DM; P < 0AE01) compared to treatments without but the presence of Moringa decreased time to spoilage by 67 h (P < 0AE05). No differences were found in propionic acid concentration or fungal growth of the silages. It is concluded that Moringa can be used as a component of high quality silages which also contain high concentrations of crude protein.

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Ensilage of tropical grasses mixed with legumes and molasses

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of the inclusion of tropical tree legumes, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala, on the nutritive value of silages prepared from tropical grasses

Effect of the inclusion of tropical tree legumes, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala, on the nutritive value of silages prepared from tropical grasses

Replacement of aruana grass by gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) on silage quality

Silage quality whenMoringa oleiferais ensiled in mixtures with Elephant grass, sugar cane and molasses

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