Ensiling of manured crops—effects on fermentation

Rammer, Chri; östling, Charlotta E.; Lingvall, P.; Lindgren, Sven

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1994.tb02009.x

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In practice, silage clamps may not be completely airtight and localized centres of aerobic deterioration promoting multiplication of harmful microorganisms such as enterobacteria and clostridia may occur. The addition of slurry to herbage prior to harvesting increases these populations on the growing herbage (Davies et al 1996) and in silage (Rammer et al 1994). The grass at ensiling had lower than optimum DM contents at both sites and no additives were used to counteract any possible negative effects on silage fermentation caused by slurry addition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of slurry application method and timing on grass silage quality

Laws¹,

Smith

Jackson

et al. 2002

J. Agric. Sci.

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SU MMARYSmall-scale silos (60-litre polyethylene barrels) were used to examine the chemical composition of grass silage after the application of slurry, at 40 m 3 /ha, at a range of timings, at two sites with contrasting rainfall ; North Wyke, in Devon (high rainfall) and Reaseheath College, Cheshire (low rainfall). Grass plots (60 m 2 ) received cattle slurry via surface broadcast (S), shallow injection (I) or surface placement by trailing shoe (T) techniques at 10, 6 or 2 weeks before an early silage (first) cut in May/June, and 6 or 2 weeks before a second cut in June/July. Control plots (C) received no slurry treatment. The harvested grass was compressed and sealed in the experimental silos and samples of the herbage at ensiling and of ensilage (after >100-day fermentation) were analysed for various chemical components. Herbage yield was measured when the harvests were taken. Wetter than average weather conditions in both years resulted in silages with variable DM content (range 140-277 g/kg) being made at both sites. Generally, silages were poorly preserved with high pH and NH 4 + -N and low lactic acid contents. In particular, the silages from treatment S where slurry was applied 2 weeks prior to harvest exhibited characteristics indicative of clostridial growth, with high pH (range 4 . 0-5 . 2) and NH 4 +

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of slurry application method and timing on grass silage quality

Laws¹,

Smith

Jackson

et al. 2002

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…crude protein (CP) ammonia-N, 2-3 butanedio!, ethanol, and fatty acids were performed as described by Rammer et al (1994). Tbe conceniration of undissociated acid was calculated by u.sing the following formula: lotal acid (mM) LJndis.sociated acid (mM) = The pH was measured witb a Beckman 43 pH meter, and the CO., concentration was determined in a sample of 150 g in a glas.s tube (200 x 60 mm) connected to a respiration apparatus (Ka.sperssor;.…”

Section: Chemical Anulysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of enterobacteria on the fermentation and aerobic stability of grass silages

östling

Lindgren

1995

Grass and Forage Science

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Grass (220 g DM kg"') was ensiled after adding 10* and iO" enterobaciena (90% Rahnella ac/iiatilis, 9-9% Hafnia aivei and 01% Escherichia colt) g"' fresh mutter. The silages were exposed to iierobic conditions alter 125 d of storage. In all treatmenis H. alvei rapidly superseded the initial high number of Enterobacter agi^lomerans (naturally present) and R. aquatilis. The maximum number of enterobacteria was detected about I d after initiation of fermentation. After 4 d of fermentation, when concentrations of undissociated lactic and acetic acids ranged from 52 to 36 mM and 41 to 51 mM respectively, no enterobacteria were detectable. Inoculating the crop with enterobacteria restilted in a temporarily retarded rate of production of lactic and acetic acids and a 50% increase in the concentration of ammonia-N. The concentration of endotoxin in (he silages was 6-7 \i.g g'' fresh matter. There was no change in the level of endotoxin during ensiling. High numbers of enterobacteria at the beginning of the fermentation improved the aerobic stability of the silages. There was a lag in the decrease in concentrations of acids and delays in the increase in pH, respiration rate and numbers of yeast and Bacillus spores, in uninoculated silages the pH increased from 4 1 to 5 0 after 8 d of aerobic storage, whereas in inoculated silages a pH of 5-0 was not reached until after 16 d of storage.

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“…Although direct cause and effect relationships are difficult to establish independent of other management or environmental factors, several studies (Rammer et al, 1994Davies et al, 1996; have linked manure application to higher clostridial spore counts on a pre-or post-ensiled basis, or with greater concentrations of ammonia or butyric acid within mostly wet (often direct-cut) grass silages in northern Europe. Considerably less research is available evaluating the effects of dairy slurry applied to growing alfalfa or other legumes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dairy slurry on silage fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of alfalfa

Coblentz

Muck

Borchardt

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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Dairy producers frequently ask questions about the risks associated with applying dairy slurry to growing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Our objectives were to determine the effects of applying dairy slurry on the subsequent nutritive value and fermentation characteristics of alfalfa balage. Dairy slurry was applied to 0.17-ha plots of alfalfa; applications were made to the second (HARV1) and third (HARV2) cuttings during June and July of 2012, respectively, at mean rates of 42,400 ± 5271 and 41,700 ± 2397 L/ha, respectively. Application strategies included (1) no slurry, (2) slurry applied directly to stubble immediately after the preceding harvest, (3) slurry applied after 1 wk of post-ensiled regrowth, or (4) slurry applied after 2 wk of regrowth. All harvested forage was packaged in large, rectangular bales that were ensiled as wrapped balage. Yields of DM harvested from HARV1 (2,477 kg/ha) and HARV2 (781 kg/ha) were not affected by slurry application treatment. By May 2013, all silages appeared to be well preserved, with no indication of undesirable odors characteristic of clostridial fermentations. Clostridium tyrobutyricum, which is known to negatively affect cheese production, was not detected in any forage on either a pre- or post-ensiled basis. On a pre-ensiled basis, counts for Clostridium cluster 1 were greater for slurry-applied plots than for those receiving no slurry, and this response was consistent for HARV1 (4.44 vs. 3.29 log10 genomic copies/g) and HARV2 (4.99 vs. 3.88 log10 genomic copies/g). Similar responses were observed on a post-ensiled basis; however, post-ensiled counts also were greater for HARV1 (5.51 vs. 5.17 log10 genomic copies/g) and HARV2 (5.84 vs. 5.28 log10 genomic copies/g) when slurry was applied to regrowth compared with stubble. For HARV2, counts also were greater following a 2-wk application delay compared with a 1-wk delay (6.23 vs. 5.45 log10 genomic copies/g). These results suggest that the risk of clostridial fermentations in alfalfa silages is greater following applications of slurry. Based on pre- and post-ensiled clostridial counts, applications of dairy slurry on stubble are preferred (and less risky) compared with delayed applications on growing alfalfa.

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Ensiling of manured crops—effects on fermentation

Abstract: The quality of silage from crops fertilized with

Cited by 28 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of slurry application method and timing on grass silage quality

Effects of slurry application method and timing on grass silage quality

Influences of enterobacteria on the fermentation and aerobic stability of grass silages

Effects of dairy slurry on silage fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of alfalfa

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