Ensiling quality of columbus grass (Sorghum almum) grown in northern Nigeria

Kallah, M. S.; Baba, M.; Alawa, J.P.; Tanko, R. J.

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(97)00044-8

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In addition, McCarty et al (1971) reported that ensiling for 28 d totally degraded the prussic acid in sorghum forage. Kallah et al (1997) observed that prussic acid concentration of Sorghum almum forage was reduced from 300 to 474 mg/kg of DM to between 183 and 244 mg/kg of DM after ensiling for 21 d. All these studies reported that ensiling reduced the concentration of prussic acid.…”

Section: Prussic Acidmentioning

confidence: 96%

Silage review: Animal and human health risks from silage

Driehuis

Wilkinson

Jiang

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

169

103

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Silage may contain several agents that are potentially hazardous to animal health, the safety of milk or other animal food products, or both. This paper reviews published literature about microbial hazards, plant toxins, and chemical hazards. Microbial hazards include Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium bovis, and various mold species. High concentrations of C. botulinum in silage have been associated with cattle botulism. A high initial concentration of C. botulinum spores in forage in combination with poor silage fermentation conditions can promote the growth of C. botulinum in silage. The elevated pH level that is generally associated with aerobic deterioration of silage is a major factor influencing concentrations of L. monocytogenes, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, and molds in silage and may also encourage survival and growth of M. bovis, the bacterium that causes bovine tuberculosis. Soil is a major source of B. cereus spores in silage; growth of this bacterium in silage appears to be limited. Hazards from plant toxins include pyrrolizidine, tropane and tropolone alkaloids, phytoestrogens, prussic acid, and mimosine, compounds that exist naturally in certain plant species that may contaminate forages at harvesting. Another group of toxins belonging to this category are ergot alkaloids, which are produced by endophytic fungal species in forages such as tall fescue grass, sorghum, and ryegrass. Varying effects of ensiling on the degradation of these plant toxins have been reported. Chemical hazards include nitrate, nitrite, and toxic oxide gases of nitrogen produced from nitrate and high levels of butyric acid, biogenic amines, and ammonia. Chemical and microbiological hazards are associated with poorly fermented silages, which can be avoided by using proper silage-making practices and creating conditions that promote a rapid and sufficient reduction of the silage pH and prevent aerobic deterioration.

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Section: Prussic Acidmentioning

confidence: 96%

Silage review: Animal and human health risks from silage

Driehuis

Wilkinson

Jiang

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

169

103

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“…Others have highlighted the lack of understanding of whole‐crop forage cereal–legume intercrops, especially for the effects of harvest date on dry matter yield and quality in Canada (Khorasani et al ., 1997) and Nigeria (Kallah et al ., 1997). Some work in the UK has examined intercrops of cereal and legume species as whole‐crop forages (Williams and Hayes, 1991; Jones and Clements, 1993; Balsdon et al ., 1997), and this has shown the potential for further investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercropped wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.) as a whole‐crop forage: effect of harvest time on forage yield and quality

Ghanbari-Bonjar

Lee

2003

Grass and Forage Science

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Sole crops and intercrops of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.), at three harvest dates, representing successive growth stages, were evaluated for biomass production of whole‐crop forage and quality characteristics of crude protein (CP), neutral‐detergent fibre (NDF), acid‐detergent fibre (ADF), water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations and ash content. These tests were carried out for two field experiments, respectively, drilled during the spring of 1997 and autumn of 1997 on Imperial College Farm, Wye, UK. Results indicated that optimum forage yield and quality were obtained from the second to third harvest dates for the spring‐drilled experiment and the second harvest for the autumn‐drilled experiment. Wheat and bean intercrops were higher in total forage dry matter (DM) yield than either wheat or bean grown as sole crops. Field bean intercropped with wheat led to increased forage quality (CP and NDF concentrations) compared with sole wheat, and higher WSC concentrations compared with sole bean. Intercrops also enhanced weed suppression compared with sole bean. It is suggested that winter wheat–bean intercrops may have considerable potential as a moderate‐yielding, relatively high‐quality, low‐input and environmentally benign forage crop with considerable potential with regard to yield and quality and warrant further study.

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“…On conservation, Cook et al (2005)reported that S. almum could produce good silage when harvested at maturity, provided the weather is not too wet. Several studies have been conducted on S. almum silage in the guinea savanna zone of northern Nigeria (Ishiaku et al, 2016;Kallah et al, 1997Kallah et al, , 1999Muhammad, 1999;Muhammad et al, 2008). However, research on S. almum in the derived savanna zone of Nigeria is limited to the initial evaluation of its forage yield by Olanite et al (2010), where the authors concluded that the species exhibited attributes that underscored its importance as an alternative forage species for dry season feeding of ruminants in the region.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ensilage potential and nutritional value of Columbus grass (Sorghum almum Parodi) at different phenology and storage duration in the derived savanna zone of Nigeria

et al. 2021

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Insufficient forage supply from natural rangelands during the dry season hampers ruminants' performance in the derived savanna zone of Nigeria. Therefore, to provide alternative feed resources, we evaluated silage potential of Columbus grass (Sorghum almum Parodi) at boot, dough and maturity stages for 4‐, 8‐, 12‐ and 16‐week ensiling durations, in a 3 × 4 factorial experiment. The dry matter yield (DMY) was determined at each harvest stage, and the forages were subsequently ensiled. The results revealed that the DMY of S. almum at maturity was 8.98% and 18.67% higher than at dough and boot stages, respectively (p < 0.05). The silages were ranked “good silage” based on physical characteristics. Silage pH decreased with advancing ensiling duration from 4 to 16 weeks in boot (5.25–4.63), dough (5.63–4.11) and maturity (5.42–4.91), with a corresponding increase in lactic and volatile fatty acids. Crude protein (CP) was higher in forages ensiled at maturity and increased with ensiling duration after initial decline from 4 to 8 weeks. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose increased quadratically from boot to dough and subsequently declined at maturity. Growth stage, ensiling duration and their interactions influenced the macrominerals' content (p < 0.05). Silages' dry matter intake (DMI) declined from boot to dough stage across the ensiling durations, and except for 8 weeks, the DMI increased at maturity by 6.71%, 5.54% and 7.19% in 4, 12 and 16 weeks, respectively. Therefore, owing to the lower NDF and high DMY, CP and DMI of S. almum ensiled at maturity for 16 weeks, it could guarantee a quantitative and qualitative forage supply to maintain optimum animal performance throughout the dry season.

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Ensiling quality of columbus grass (Sorghum almum) grown in northern Nigeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Silage review: Animal and human health risks from silage

Silage review: Animal and human health risks from silage

Intercropped wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.) as a whole‐crop forage: effect of harvest time on forage yield and quality

Ensilage potential and nutritional value of Columbus grass (Sorghum almum Parodi) at different phenology and storage duration in the derived savanna zone of Nigeria

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